Blood of the Earth: Resource Nationalism, Revolution, and Empire in Bolivia ‐ by Young, K. A.

The direct use of satellites is already beginning to have enormous influence on the development of civilisation in our world. An initial study of the benefits to be obtained for mankind by the use of satellites to survey the natural and man-made resources of the earth leads to the inescapable conclusion that this will undoubtedly be one of the major applications of satellite technology that will evolve in the next few years. It is only very few years ago that the real impact of this use of space became evident, but already in that period of time an extremely wide range of types of measurements and different use of such data has been examined and a considerable amount of experimental work been carried out both in earth terrestrial laboratory conditions and also using equipment orbiting in space. There is now a wealth of data on what is possible already and might be possible in this new field of endeavour. I shall attempt in this paper to summarise the main potentialities of different types of systems and try and relate some of the key elements of the satellites to the natural resources being observed.

Download Full-text

Edge-Preserving Denoising of Image Sequences

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23101332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1332

Author(s):

Fan Yi ◽

Peihua Qiu

Keyword(s):

Image Sequences ◽

Edge Preserving ◽

Temporal Correlations ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

The Earth ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Smoothing Procedure ◽

Earth Resource ◽

Over Time ◽

Surface Changes

To monitor the Earth’s surface, the satellite of the NASA Landsat program provides us image sequences of any region on the Earth constantly over time. These image sequences give us a unique resource to study the Earth’s surface, changes of the Earth resource over time, and their implications in agriculture, geology, forestry, and more. Besides natural sciences, image sequences are also commonly used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of medical studies for understanding the functioning of brains and other organs. In practice, observed images almost always contain noise and other contaminations. For a reliable subsequent image analysis, it is important to remove such contaminations in advance. This paper focuses on image sequence denoising, which has not been well-discussed in the literature yet. To this end, an edge-preserving image denoising procedure is suggested. The suggested method is based on a jump-preserving local smoothing procedure, in which the bandwidths are chosen such that the possible spatio-temporal correlations in the observed image intensities are accommodated properly. Both theoretical arguments and numerical studies show that this method works well in the various cases considered.

Download Full-text

The motion of a lunar orbiter

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105686 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Y. Kozai

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Artificial Satellite ◽

Equations Of Motion ◽

Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽

The Moon ◽

Secular Motion ◽

The Earth ◽

Close Satellite ◽

The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

Download Full-text

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178404 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 415-418

Author(s):

K. P. Stanyukovich ◽

V. A. Bronshten

Keyword(s):

Explosive Charge ◽

The Moon ◽

Meteorite Impacts ◽

The Earth ◽

Lunar Craters ◽

The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

Download Full-text

The Origin of the Moon

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178209 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. L. Ruskol

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Solar System ◽

The Moon ◽

The Earth ◽

The Difference ◽

Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Download Full-text