Effects of arousal reappraisal on the anxiety responses to stress: Breaking the cycle of negative arousal intensity and arousal interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie T. Ginty ◽  
Benjamin J. Oosterhoff ◽  
Danielle A. Young ◽  
Sarah E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Negative Arousal

“Experience Isn’t Everything”: How Emotion Affects the Relationship Between Experience and Cue Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Frances Crane ◽  
Sue Brouwers ◽  
Mark William Wiggins ◽  
Thomas Loveday ◽  
Kirsty Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This research examined whether negative and positive arousal emotions modify the relationship between experience level and cue utilization among anesthetists. Background: The capacity of a practitioner to form precise associations between clusters of features (e.g., symptoms) and events (e.g., diagnosis) and then act on them is known as cue utilization. A common assumption is that practice experience allows opportunities for cue acquisition and cue utilization. However, this relationship is often not borne out in research findings. This study investigates the role of emotional state in this relationship. Method: An online tool (EXPERTise 2.0) was used to assess practitioner cue utilization for tasks relevant to anesthesia. The experience of positive and negative arousal emotions in the previous three days was measured, and emotion clusters were generated. Experience was measured as the composite of practice years and hours of practice experience. The moderating role of emotion on the relationship between experience and cue utilization was examined. Results: Data on 125 anesthetists (36% female) were included in the analysis. The predicted interaction between arousal emotions and the experience level emerged. In particular, post hoc analyses revealed that anxiety-related emotions facilitated the likelihood of high cue utilization in less experienced practitioners. Conclusion: The findings suggest a role for emotions in cue use and suggest a functional role for normal range anxiety emotions in a simulated work-relevant task. Application: This research illustrates the importance of understanding the potentially functional effects common negative arousal emotions may have on clinical performance, particularly for those with less experience.

Infant self-regulation of positive and negative arousal

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Bruce Powers ◽  
Julia Braungart-Rieker
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Negative Arousal

scholarly journals ‘Fake News’ in Science Communication: Emotions and Strategies of Coping with Dissonance Online

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Taddicken ◽  
Laura Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
And Coping

In view of events such as the public denial of climate change research by well-known politicians, the effects of postfactual disinformation and emotionalisation are discussed for science. Here, so-called ‘fake news’ are of focus. These are considered problematic, particularly in a high-choice media environment as users tend to show selective behaviour. Much research has demonstrated this selective exposure approach, which has roots in the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger, 1957). However, research on the processes of coping with dissonance is still considered sparse. In particular, communication scholars have overlooked emotional states and negotiations. This article analyses the affects that are aroused when users are confronted with opinion-challenging disinformation and how they (emotionally) cope by using different strategies for online information. For this, we used the context of climate change that is widely accepted in Germany. The innovative research design included pre- and post-survey research, stimulus exposure (denying ‘fake news’), observations, and retrospective interviews (n = 50). Through this, we find that perceptions and coping strategies vary individually and that overt behaviour, such as searching for counter-arguments, should be seen against the background of individual ideas and motivations, such as believing in an easy rejection of arguments. Confirming neuroscientific findings, participants felt relieved and satisfied once they were able to dissolve their dissonant state and negative arousal. Dissatisfaction and frustration were expressed if this had not been accomplished.

How Does Threat Modulate the Motivational Effects of Reward on Attention?

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Andy J. Kim ◽  
Brian A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
Threat Of Shock

Abstract. Studies on attentional bias have overwhelmingly focused on the priority of different stimuli and have rarely manipulated the state of the observer. Recently, the threat of unpredictable shock has been utilized to experimentally induce anxiety and investigate how negative arousal modulates attentional control. Experimentally induced anxiety has been shown to reduce the attentional priority afforded to reward-related stimuli while enhancing the efficiency of goal-directed attentional control. It is unclear which of these two influences might dominate when attending to reward-related stimuli is consistent with task goals and by extension what the scope of the modulatory influence of threat on attention is. In contrast to paradigms in the visual domain, a novel auditory identification task has demonstrated a robust influence of target-value associations on selective attention. In the present study, we examined how the threat of shock modulates the influence of learned value on voluntary attention. In both threat and no-threat conditions, we replicate prior findings of voluntary prioritization of reward-associated sounds. However, unlike in studies measuring involuntary attentional capture, threat did not modulate the influence of reward on attention. Our findings highlight important limitations to when and how threat modulates the control of attention, contextualizing prior findings.

Teacher Self-Efficacy, Professional Commitment, and High-Stakes Teacher Evaluation Policy in Louisiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Ford ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Van Sickle ◽  
Lynn V. Clark ◽  
Michelle Fazio-Brunson ◽  
Dorothy C. Schween
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Teacher Evaluation Policy ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Support Autonomy ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

Currently, a significant number of states are in the process of implementing a high-stakes teacher evaluation (HSTE) system. In many ways, Louisiana’s teacher evaluation system, Compass, is typical of the models that many states have adopted. This article reports the experiences of 37 elementary teachers from five districts across Louisiana after their first 2 years under this system. It is through the multiple lenses of teacher support, autonomy, self-efficacy, and satisfaction that we sought to understand how Compass has shaped teachers’ motivation for improvement as well as their continued commitment to the teaching profession. Analysis of longitudinal interview data reveals a widespread lack of support for change in the form of self-efficacy building experiences—particularly vicarious experiences—for teachers. As a result, many teachers experienced, by the second year, significant negative arousal events and profound losses of satisfaction and commitment to the profession—this despite most being rated as “highly effective.”

scholarly journals Emotional arousal ripples across time to bind subsequent episodes in memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Clewett ◽  
Lila Davachi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Temporal Order Memory

Time unfolds continuously, yet our memories are stored as discrete episodes. Prior work shows that fluctuations between stability and change in an ongoing neutral context facilitates this formation of distinct and memorable events. However, less is known about how shifting emotional states influence these memory processes, despite ample evidence that emotion has a robust influence on non-temporal aspects of episodic memory. Here, we examined if emotional stimuli influence temporal memory for recent event sequences. Participants encoded lists of neutral object images while listening to pure auditory tones. At regular intervals within each list, participants heard emotional positive, negative, or neutral sounds, which served as ‘emotional event boundaries’ that divided each sequence into discrete auditory events. Temporal order memory was tested for neutral item pairs that either spanned an emotional sound (‘boundary-spanning’) or encountered within the same auditory event (‘same-context’). We found that highly arousing boundaries had opposite effects on binding ongoing versus subsequent sequential representations in memory. Specifically, highly arousing emotional sounds tended to lead to worse temporal order memory for boundary-spanning item pairs. By contrast, they led to better temporal order memory for same-context item pairs in the next event. Both of these arousal effects were specific to negative sounds. The carryover effect of negative arousal was also strongest for item pairs encountered closest to the boundary and diminished as the event unfolded. These findings suggest that temporally dynamic emotional states support the temporal integration of mnemonic events, which may contribute to the hyper-episodic nature of negative emotional memories.

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