scholarly journals Resilience characteristics and prior life stress determine anticipatory response to acute social stress in children aged 7–11 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara J. Cheetham‐Blake ◽  
Julie M. Turner‐Cobb ◽  
Hannah E. Family ◽  
James E. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Anticipatory Response

scholarly journals Daily life stress reactivity in remitted versus non-remitted depressed individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Winkel ◽  
N.A. Nicolson ◽  
M. Wichers ◽  
W. Viechtbauer ◽  
I. Myin-Germeys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Remitted Depression ◽  
Mood Reactivity

AbstractBackground:Little is known about how daily life mood reactivity to minor stressors (stress reactivity) might change following major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment. We investigate whether (i) mood states and appraisals of daily stressors change after treatment; (ii) stress reactivity to event, activity, or social stress differs; (iii) stress reactivity depends on severity of residual depressive symptoms; and (iv) stress reactivity in individuals with remitted or non-remitted depression differ from that of never-depressed individuals.Methods:Thirty depressed individuals participated in an experience sampling study before and after a treatment period of 18 months; 39 healthy individuals formed a comparison group. Reactivity of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) to daily stressors were measured.Results:More residual symptoms were associated with larger NA responses to stress. Compared to healthy controls, participants with non-remitted MDD showed higher NA-reactivity to all stressors. In contrast, stress reactivity to event and activity stressors was normalized in remitted patients. However, they still showed heightened NA-reactivity to social stress.Conclusions:Greater stress reactivity to event and activity stress appears to be state-dependent. The heightened social stress reactivity in remitted patients suggests that sensitivity to social stress may reflect an underlying vulnerability in MDD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Stress Beliefs on Daily Affective Stress Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes A C Laferton ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
David D Ebert ◽  
Nikola M Stenzel ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
University Students ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Simple Slope ◽  
Effects Of Stress

Abstract Background Negative beliefs about the effects of stress have been associated with poorer health and increased mortality. However, evidence on the psychological mechanisms linking stress beliefs to health is scarce, especially regarding real-life stress. Purpose The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of stress beliefs on affect in the daily stress process in a population prone to health-impairing effects of stress: university students. Methods Using daily diaries, 98 university students reported on daily perceived social and work-related stressors as well as positive and negative affect for 10 consecutive days. Stress beliefs, depressive and anxiety symptoms, neuroticism, and demographic variables were assessed prior to the daily diary phase. Results Hierarchical linear models revealed a significant cross-level interaction between negative stress beliefs and the association of daily social stressors with negative affect (B = 0.24; 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08–0.41, p < .001). When experiencing social stress, participants who held high negative stress beliefs had higher daily negative affect (simple slope = 4.09; p < .001); however, for participants who held low negative stress beliefs the association between daily social stress and daily negative affect was considerably smaller (simple slope = 2.12; p < .001). Moreover, individuals believing stress to be controllable showed higher positive affect throughout the 10-day daily diary phase. Conclusions Negative stress beliefs were found to moderate the affective response to daily real-life stressors. Given the established relationship between affect and health, this study provides initial evidence of psychological mechanisms linking stress beliefs to health.

Exploring the autism spectrum: Moderating effects of neuroticism on stress reactivity and on the association between social context and negative affect

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeroen van Oosterhout ◽  
Kim van der Linden ◽  
Claudia J.P. Simons ◽  
Thérèse van Amelsvoort ◽  
Machteld Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adults With Asd

Abstract Neuroticism is associated with increased stress reactivity. In autism spectrum disorders (ASD), emotional stress reactivity is increased and there is some evidence for an increased negative affect (NA) when with less familiar people. The aim of this study was to compare adults with ASD and controls on levels of neuroticism and on interactions between neuroticism and appraised stress or social context in models of NA. This is a cross-sectional observational study comprising a group of 50 adults with ASD and 51 controls. Experience sampling method (ESM) reports were collected for 10 days to measure daily life stress, mood, and social context. Multilevel regression analyses revealed significantly higher neuroticism levels in ASD than in controls. Adults with ASD who scored high on neuroticism showed a significantly stronger association between activity/social stress and NA (i.e., higher stress reactivity) than those with low scores. Furthermore, the association between neuroticism and NA was stronger when adults with ASD were with less familiar people compared with being alone or with familiar people. No consistent corresponding significant interactions were found in the control group. In conclusion, in ASD, neuroticism moderates the association between appraised stress and NA as well as the association between social context and NA.

scholarly journals Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Young ◽  
Jenalee R. Doom ◽  
Allison K. Farrell ◽  
Elizabeth A. Carlson ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Biological Stress

Abstract Stressful experiences affect biological stress systems, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Life stress can potentially alter regulation of the HPA axis and has been associated with poorer physical and mental health. Little, however, is known about the relative influence of stressors that are encountered at different developmental periods on acute stress reactions in adulthood. In this study, we explored three models of the influence of stress exposure on cortisol reactivity to a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) by leveraging 37 years of longitudinal data in a high-risk birth cohort (N = 112). The cumulative stress model suggests that accumulated stress across the lifespan leads to dysregulated reactivity, whereas the biological embedding model implicates early childhood as a critical period. The sensitization model assumes that dysregulation should only occur when stress is high in both early childhood and concurrently. All of the models predicted altered reactivity, but do not anticipate its exact form. We found support for both cumulative and biological embedding effects. However, when pitted against each other, early life stress predicted more blunted cortisol responses at age 37 over and above cumulative life stress. Additional analyses revealed that stress exposure in middle childhood also predicted more blunted cortisol reactivity.

scholarly journals The 5-HTTLPR genotype, early life adversity and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress in women

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurate Aleknaviciute ◽  
Joke H. M. Tulen ◽  
Yolanda B. de Rijke ◽  
Mark van der Kroeg ◽  
Cornelis G. Kooiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

BackgroundThe serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has previously been associated with hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis function. Moreover, it has been suggested that this association is moderated by an interaction with stressful life experiences.AimsTo investigate the moderation of cortisol response to psychosocial stress by 5-HTTLPR genotype, either directly or through an interaction with early life stress.MethodA total of 151 women, 85 of which had personality psychopathology, performed the Trier Social Stress Test while cortisol responsivity was assessed.ResultsThe results demonstrate a main effect of genotype on cortisol responsivity. Women carrying two copies of the long version of 5-HTTLPR exhibited stronger cortisol responses to psychosocial stress than women with at least one copy of the short allele (P = 0.03). However, the proportion of the variance of stress-induced cortisol responsivity explained by 5-HTTLPR genotype was not further strengthened by including early life adversity as a moderating factor (P = 0.52).ConclusionsOur results highlight the need to clarify gender-specific biological factors influencing the serotonergic system. Furthermore, our results suggest that childhood maltreatment, specifically during the first 15 years of life, is unlikely to exert a moderating influence of large effect on the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Life stress and depression in a tribal area of Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Husain ◽  
I. B. Chaudhry ◽  
M. A. Afridi ◽  
B. Tomenson ◽  
F. Creed
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Population Based ◽  
North West ◽  
Problem Score ◽  
The North ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

BackgroundDepression is common in Pakistan but no research on this subject has been reported from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), host to numerous Afghan refugees.AimsTo measure depressive symptoms and associated features in a population-based sample.MethodA Pushto translation of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was administered to 471 adults living in a village in one of the federally administered tribal areas. Respondents were also assessed with a life events checklist for social problems, a social support questionnaire and the Brief Disability Questionnaire.ResultsSixty per cent (95/158) of women and 45% (140/313) of men scored 9 or more on the SRQ. High SRQ score was associated with few years of education, higher social problem score, less social support and greater disability. High social problem score was the strongest correlate.ConclusionsThis population reports more depressive symptoms than other communities in Pakistan and this probably reflects the very high degree of social stress experienced in the NWFP, which has been affected by years of turmoil in neighbouring Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Stress-induced alterations of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quessy ◽  
T. Bittar ◽  
L. J. Blanchette ◽  
M. Lévesque ◽  
B. Labonté
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

AbstractOur ability to develop the cognitive strategies required to deal with daily-life stress is regulated by region-specific neuronal networks. Experimental evidence suggests that prolonged stress in mice induces depressive-like behaviors via morphological, functional and molecular changes affecting the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. Yet, the molecular interactions underlying these changes are still poorly understood, and whether they affect males and females similarly is unknown. Here, we used chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) to induce depressive-like behaviors in male and female mice. Density of the mesolimbic and mesocortical projections was assessed via immuno-histochemistry combined with Sholl analysis along with the staining of activity-dependent markers pERK and c-fos in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our results show that social stress decreases the density of TH+ dopaminergic axonal projections in the deep layers of the mPFC in susceptible but not resilient male and female mice. Consistently, our analyses suggest that pERK expression is decreased in the mPFC but increased in the NAc following CSDS in males and females, with no change in c-fos expression in both sexes. Overall, our findings indicate that social defeat stress impacts the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways by altering the molecular interactions regulating somatic and axonal plasticity in males and females.

Relationships Between Social and Health Factors and Depression in Old Age in a Multivariate Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Pahkala ◽  
Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä ◽  
Pekka Laippala
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Log Linear

This community-based epidemiological survey concerns relationships between social and health factors and depression in a Finnish population aged 60 years or over. A multivariate analysis based on log-liner models is used in this study.The log-linear model showed five interactions for the depressed men and eight for the depressed women surveyed. These indicated that the depressive persons had experienced detrimental events either of an interpersonal nature or concerning health status more often than those who were not depressed. A positive connection between life stress and depression was found even though no cause-and-effect relationship could be defined. Social stress factors seemed somewhat important prior to the onset of depression in the women studied, whereas stressful health factors played a significant role for the men. Despite this, the log-linear models for the selected variables used here did not point to a combination of interactions between a high incidence of current social stress factors and a high incidence of stressful health factors during the six-month period prior to the onset of depression.

scholarly journals Stress-induced alterations of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Quessy ◽  
T Bittar ◽  
LJ Blanchette ◽  
M Lévesque ◽  
B Labonté
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Immuno Histochemistry ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

AbstractOur ability to develop the cognitive strategies required to deal with daily-life stress is regulated by region-specific neuronal networks. Experimental evidences suggest that prolonged stress in mice induces depressive-like behaviors via morphological, functional and molecular changes affecting the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. Yet, the molecular interactions underlying these changes are still poorly understood and whether they affect males and females similarly is unknown. Here, we used chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) to induce depressive-like behaviors in male and female mice. Density of the mesolimbic and cortical projections was assessed via immuno-histochemistry combined with Sholl analysis along with the staining of the activity-dependent markers pERK and c-Fos in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We showed that social stress decreases the density of dopaminergic axonal projections to the mPFC but not to the NAc in susceptible and resilient mice. This was accompanied by sex-specific alterations of pERK and c-Fos expression in the VTA of susceptible but not resilient mice. Our results indicate that social defeat stress impacts the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways by altering the molecular interactions regulating somatic and axonal plasticity differently in males and females.

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