Early- and late-onset psoriasis: a cross-sectional clinical and immunocytochemical investigation

Infections represent an important problem in neonates because of the high mortality. An increase in neonatal infections has been found in Cuban hospitals in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the clinical and microbiological behavior of Gram-negative bacilli that cause neonatal infections in hospitals of Havana, Cuba. It was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation from September 2017 to July 2018 in The Tropical Medicine Institute “Pedro Kouri” (IPK). Sixty-one Gram-negative bacilli isolated from neonates with infections in six Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospitals of Havana were analyzed for their species and antimicrobial susceptibility. Late-onset infections were more common than early-onset ones and included urinary tract infection in the community (87%) and sepsis in hospitals (63.3%). Catheter use (47%) and prolonged stay (38%) were the most frequent risk factors. Species of major pathogens were Escherichia coli (47%) and Klebsiella spp. (26%). The isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, while being more susceptible to carbapenems, fosfomycin, colistin and amikacin. The present study revealed the clinical impact of Gram-negative bacilli in neonatology units in hospitals of Havana. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities to the isolates from neonates is necessary for selection of appropriate empirical therapy and promotion of the rational antibiotic use.

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Vitamin D Levels, APOE Allele, and MRI Volumetry Assessed by NeuroQuant in Norwegian Adults with Cognitive Symptoms

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 311-321

Author(s):

Jelena Zugic Soares ◽

Renate Pettersen ◽

Jūratė Šaltytė Benth ◽

Karin Persson ◽

Carsten Strobel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Late Onset ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Cognitive Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Mri Volumetry

Background: Allele ɛ4 of the apolipoprotein (APOE ∈4) gene is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. A possible relationship between vitamin D and APOE is not yet clear. Objective: In this exploratory, cross-sectional study, we examined the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and brain volumes and the associations of both serum levels of 25(OH)D and APOE polymorphism to brain volumes in 127 persons (mean age 66 years) with cognitive symptoms. Methods: All subjects were examined with fully automated software for MRI volumetry, NeuroQuant. Results: After adjustment for relevant covariates, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with greater volumes of cortical gray matter on both left (p = 0.02) and right (p = 0.04) sides. When both 25(OH)D levels and APOE genotype were used as the main covariates, no significant associations were found between vitamin D level and brain volume in any of the 11 brain regions. In adjusted models, only homozygous but not heterozygous APOE ∈4 allele carriers had significantly larger inferior lateral ventricles (p = 0.003) and smaller hippocampal volume (p = 0.035) than those without ɛ4. Homozygous APOE ∈4 carriers also had significantly higher vitamin D levels (p = 0.009) compared to persons without the APOE ∈4 allele. Conclusion: Higher vitamin D levels might have a preserving effect on cortical grey matter volume.

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Poor Adherence to the Screening-Based Strategy of Group B Streptococcus Despite Colonization of Pregnant Women in Greece

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 418

Author(s):

Maria Maroudia Berikopoulou ◽

Aikaterini Pana ◽

Theodota Liakopoulou-Tsitsipi ◽

Nikos F. Vlahos ◽

Vasiliki Papaevangelou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Carrier Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

Group B

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of serious neonatal infections. Maternal GBS colonization is associated with early- and late-onset neonatal disease (EOD/LOD). In Greece, a screening-based strategy is recommended, in which concurrent vaginal-rectal cultures should be obtained between 36 0/7 and 37 6/7 weeks’ gestation. We sought to examine the level of adherence to the GBS screening guidelines and estimate the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women. Although in Greece the screening-based strategy is followed, we also examined known EOD risk factors and linked them to GBS colonization. A cross-sectional study of 604 women postpartum in three hospitals and maternity clinics was conducted. Following written informed consent, data were collected via a short self-completed questionnaire and review of patients’ records. In 34.6% of the enrolled pregnant women, no culture had been taken. Of the remaining, 12.8% had proper vaginal-rectal sample collections. The overall maternal colonization rate was 9.6%. At least one risk factor for EOD was identified in 12.6% of participants. The presence of risk factors was associated with positive cultures (p = 0.014). The rate of culture collection did not differ between women with or without an EOD risk factor. Adherence to a universal screening of pregnant women with vaginal-rectal cultures was poor. Despite probable underestimation of GBS carrier status, almost 1 in 10 participants were GBS positive during pregnancy. Screening of women with risk factors for EOD should, at least, be prioritized to achieve prevention and prompt intervention of EOD.

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The Epidemiological Characteristics of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: Two Cross-Sectional Studies in the Same Community

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988320977991 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 155798832097799

Author(s):

Shan-Jie Zhou ◽

Ming-Jia Zhao ◽

Yi-Hong Yang ◽

Di Guan ◽

Zhi-Guang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Onset ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cutoff Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Late Onset Hypogonadism ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at 5-year intervals in community-dwelling men living in the same area. A total of 1472 (Study 1, S1) and 944 (Study 2, S2) men aged 40–69 years old were recruited as subjects. Subjects were evaluated through combining serum reproductive hormone levels with the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire and the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale. A significant difference was found in mean testosterone deficiency (TD) prevalence between S1 and S2, using either serum total testosterone (TT; 14.02% vs. 6.36%) or serum calculated free testosterone (cFT; 43.69% vs. 16.53%) cutoff values. According to the S1 or S2 data, the mean prevalence of LOH was 37.85%/15.47% in the positive ADAM test and 15.42%/9.43% in the positive AMS test ( p < .01). According to classifications of TD based on gonadal status, the prevalence of secondary TD (27.34%) was higher than the primary (16.36%) and compensated (15.42%) TD in S1 ( p < .01). However, there were significant differences among the prevalence of primary (6.89%), secondary (9.64%), and compensated (27.65%) TD in S2 ( p < .05). Different types of testosterone levels, TD cutoff values, and questionnaires influenced the prevalence of TD and LOH. The serum FT cutoff value was an optimal threshold for evaluating and diagnosing TD and LOH, whose prevalence increased gradually with male aging.

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A Cross-Sectional Observational Study on Neonatal Thrombocytopenia in a Teaching Hospital in Telangana

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (06) ◽

pp. 337-341

Author(s):

Rajesh Khanna Pulmamidi ◽

Ramya Madhuri Yendamuri

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Late Onset ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Cause ◽

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND Neonatal thrombocytopenia is one of the most common haematological abnormalities in neonates occurring in 1 to 2 % of healthy term neonates. Various risk factors like sepsis, prematurity, and birth asphyxia are known to be associated with this condition. Maternal factors also predispose to this condition. Early detection and appropriate management is of utmost importance to prevent complications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the predisposing factors for neonatal thrombocytopenia in a teaching hospital. METHODS This was a cross sectional observational study done in the Department of Peadiatrics, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Medchal, Telangana, for a duration of one year i.e., from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 60 neonates with thrombocytopenia were studied for onset of thrombocytopenia, severity based on platelet counts, aetiology and for contributing maternal factors. RESULTS Early onset thrombocytopenia (< 3 days of age) was seen in 46.6 % (28 / 60) and late onset thrombocytopenia (3 - 28 days) in 53.3 % (32 / 60). The most common cause for neonatal thrombocytopenia was neonatal sepsis 30 % (10 / 60), followed by birth asphyxia. Common maternal predisposing factors were pregnancyinduced hypertension and pregnancy-induced diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal thrombocytopenia is one of the most common clinical problems in neonates. It can be of early or late onset type and has fetal and maternal predisposing factors. Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common cause for neonatal thrombocytopenia followed by birth asphyxia which is a preventable cause. Early diagnosis and thorough evaluation are needed to prevent complications. KEYWORDS Neonatal Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Sepsis

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Natural History, Phenotypic Spectrum, and Discriminative Features of Multisystemic RFC1-disease

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011528 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011528

Author(s):

Andreas Traschütz ◽

Andrea Cortese ◽

Selina Reich ◽

Natalia Dominik ◽

Jennifer Faber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Late Onset ◽

Premature Death ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Trials ◽

Disease Spectrum ◽

Phenotypic Spectrum ◽

Multisystemic Disease ◽

Repeat Expansions ◽

Cerebellar Type

Objective:To delineate the full phenotypic spectrum, discriminative features, piloting longitudinal progression data, and sample size calculations of RFC1-repeat expansions, recently identified as causing cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS).Methods:Multimodal RFC1 repeat screening (PCR, southern blot, whole-exome/genome (WES/WGS)-based approaches) combined with cross-sectional and longitudinal deep-phenotyping in (i) cross-European cohort A (70 families) with ≥2 features of CANVAS and/or ataxia-with-chronic-cough (ACC); and (ii) Turkish cohort B (105 families) with unselected late-onset ataxia.Results:Prevalence of RFC1-disease was 67% in cohort A, 14% in unselected cohort B, 68% in clinical CANVAS, and 100% in ACC. RFC1-disease was also identified in Western and Eastern Asians, and even by WES. Visual compensation, sensory symptoms, and cough were strong positive discriminative predictors (>90%) against RFC1-negative patients. The phenotype across 70 RFC1-positive patients was mostly multisystemic (69%), including dysautonomia (62%) and bradykinesia (28%) (=overlap with cerebellar-type multiple system atrophy [MSA-C]), postural instability (49%), slow vertical saccades (17%), and chorea and/or dystonia (11%). Ataxia progression was ∼1.3 SARA points/year (32 cross-sectional, 17 longitudinal assessments, follow-up ≤9 years [mean 3.1]), but also included early falls, variable non-linear phases of MSA-C-like progression (SARA 2.5-5.5/year), and premature death. Treatment trials require 330 (1-year-trial) and 132 (2-year-trial) patients in total to detect 50% reduced progression.Conclusions:RFC1-disease is frequent and occurs across continents, with CANVAS and ACC as highly diagnostic phenotypes, yet as variable, overlapping clusters along a continuous multisystemic disease spectrum, including MSA-C-overlap. Our natural history data help to inform future RFC1-treatment trials.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that RFC1-repeat expansions are associated with CANVAS and ACC.

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Quality of Life in People with Young-Onset Alzheimer’s Dementia and Frontotemporal Dementia

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000487263 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1-2) ◽

pp. 91-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lara Hvidsten ◽

Knut Engedal ◽

Geir Selbæk ◽

Torgeir Bruun Wyller ◽

Frøydis Bruvik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Late Onset ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Onset ◽

Proxy Version ◽

Late Onset Dementia

Aims: The aims of this study were to compare quality of life (QOL) in people with young-onset Alzheimer’s (AD) and frontotemporal (FTD) dementia, explore variables associated with QOL, and compare QOL in young-onset dementia (YOD) and late-onset dementia (LOD). Methods: Cross-sectional data from a Nordic multicenter study of 50 community-dwelling participants with AD and 38 with FTD were included. A comparison group consisted of 100 people with LOD. QOL was measured using self-reported Euro-QOL 5-Dimension and the proxy version of Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) questionnaire. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and needs were assessed using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Camberwell Assessment of Needs in the Elderly. Multiple linear regression and multilevel modeling was used to determine variables associated with QOL. Results: We found no differences between the two YOD groups in QOL. The variables associated with QOL were scores on the CSDD, NPI, and unmet needs. The proxy QOL-AD score in YOD was significantly higher compared to LOD (median 36.0 [IQR 10.0] vs. 33.0 [IQR 9.0]). Conclusion: The QOL in Nordic people with YOD was better compared to people with LOD. Our results show depressive symptoms to be associated with QOL irrespective of age and diagnosis.

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Late-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis in Children Six to Fourteen Years Old. A Cross-Sectional Prevalence Study*

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) ◽

10.2106/00004623-199609000-00006 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 1330-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

ALASTAIR J. STIRLING ◽

DENISE HOWEL ◽

PETER A. MILLNER ◽

SAFAʼA SADIQ ◽

DAVID SHARPLES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Late Onset ◽

Prevalence Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Admixture analysis of age at onset in older patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161022000085x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 781-785

Author(s):

Maureen M. J. Smeets-Janssen ◽

Idan M. Aderka ◽

Paul D. Meesters ◽

Sjors Lange ◽

Sigfried Schouws ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Onset ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Data Driven ◽

Admixture Analysis ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

ABSTRACTThe nature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an onset in middle or late adulthood remains controversial. The aim of our study was to determine in patients aged 60 and older if clinically relevant subtypes based on age at onset can be distinguished, using admixture analysis, a data-driven technique. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 94 patients aged 60 and older with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Admixture analysis was used to determine if the distribution of age at onset in this cohort was consistent with one or more populations of origin and to determine cut-offs for age at onset groups, if more than one population could be identified. Results showed that admixture analysis based on age at onset demonstrated only one normally distributed population. Our results suggest that in older schizophrenia patients, early- and late-onset ages form a continuum.

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