scholarly journals Estimating acute air pollution health effects from cohort study data

Biometrics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Szpiro ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Sara D. Adar ◽  
Joel D. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Study Data

Improving the Protection of Children Against Air Pollution Threats in Romania � The RokidAIR Project Approach and Future Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-846
Author(s):  
Hai-Ying Liu ◽  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Tom Savu ◽  
Stefania Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Quality Maps

This paper presents the approach used to develop the information chain required to reach the objectives of the EEA Grants� RokidAIR project in two Romanian cities i.e., Targoviste and Ploiesti. It describes the PM2.5 monitoring infrastructure and architecture to the web-based GIS platform, the early warning system and the decision support system, and finally, the linking of air pollution to health effects in children. In addition, it shows the analysis performance of the designed system to process the collected time series from various data sources using the benzene concentrations monitored in Ploiesti. Moreover, this paper suggests that biomarkers, mobile technologies, and Citizens� Observatories are potential perspectives to improve data coverage by the provision of near-real-time air quality maps, and provide personal exposure and health assessment results, enabling the citizens� engagement and behavioural change. This paper also addresses new fields in nature-based solutions to improve air quality, and studies on air pollution and its mental health effects in the urban areas of Romania.

scholarly journals Concentration-dependent health effects of air pollution in controlled human exposures

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 106424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juma Orach ◽  
Christopher F. Rider ◽  
Christopher Carlsten
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness and progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with type 2 diabetes and matched controls: a 5-year cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian L. Funck ◽  
Esben Laugesen ◽  
Pernille Høyem ◽  
Brian Stausbøl-Grøn ◽  
Won Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Intracranial Volume

Abstract Background Stroke is a serious complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Arterial stiffness may improve stroke prediction. We investigated the association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of stroke risk, in patients with T2DM and controls. Methods In a 5-year cohort study, data from 45 patients and 59 non-diabetic controls were available for analysis. At baseline, participants had a mean (± SD) age of 59  ±  10 years and patients had a median (range) diabetes duration of 1.8 (0.8–3.2) years. PWV was obtained by tonometry and WMH volume by an automated segmentation algorithm based on cerebral T2-FLAIR and T1 MRI (corrected by intracranial volume, cWMH). High PWV was defined above 8.94 m/s (corresponding to the reference of high PWV above 10 m/s using the standardized path length method). Results Patients with T2DM had a higher PWV than controls (8.8  ±  2.2 vs. 7.9  ±  1.4 m/s, p  <  0.01). WMH progression were similar in the two groups (p  =  0.5). One m/s increase in baseline PWV was associated with a 16% [95% CI 1–32%], p  <  0.05) increase in cWMH volume at 5 years follow-up after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, pulse pressure and smoking. High PWV was associated with cWMH progression in the combined cohort (p  <  0.05). We found no interaction between diabetes and PWV on cWMH progression. Conclusions PWV is associated with cWMH progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Our results indicate that arterial stiffness may be involved early in the pathophysiology leading to cerebrovascular diseases.

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