A local criterion of fairness in sport: Comparing the property advantages of Caster Semenya and Eero Mäntyranta with implications for the construction of categories in sport

Bioethics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Camporesi ◽  
Mika Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Local Criterion ◽  
Caster Semenya

A Research on Navigation Star Catalog Selection Algorithm Based on SVM

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 613-617
Author(s):  
Fu Cheng Liu ◽  
Zhao Hui Liu ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Dong Sheng Liang ◽  
Kai Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Boltzmann Entropy ◽  
Local Criterion ◽  
Star Catalog ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Global Criterion ◽  
Small Capacity

A navigation star catalog (NSC) selection algorithm via support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this paper. The sphere spiral method is utilized to generate the sampling boresight directions by virtue of obtaining the uniform sampling data. Then the theory of regression analysis methods is adopted to extract the NSC, and an evenly distributed and small capacity NSC is obtained. Two criterions, namely a global criterion and a local criterion, are defined as the uniformity criteria to test the performance of the NSC generated. Simulations show that, compared with MFM, magnitude weighted method (MWM) and self-organizing algorithm(S-OA), the Boltzmann entropy (B.e) of SVM selection algorithm (SVM-SA) is the minimum, to 0.00207. Simultaneously, under the conditions such as the same field of view (FOV) and elimination of the hole, both the number of guide stars (NGS) and standard deviation (std) of SVM-SA is the least, respectively 7668 and 2.17. Consequently, the SVM-SA is optimal in terms of the NGS and the uniform distribution, and has also a strong adaptability.

Of Athletes, Bodies, and Rules: Making Sense of Caster Semenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-660
Author(s):  
Matteo Winkler ◽  
Giovanna Gilleri
Keyword(s):  
Making Sense ◽  
Caster Semenya

AbstractThis article aims to systematically deconstruct four distinct narratives derived from the case of Caster Semenya v. IAAF (Court of Arbitration for Sport).

scholarly journals What Does it Mean to be a Woman in Sports? An Analysis of the Jurisprudence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-411
Author(s):  
Lena Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Caster Semenya ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Dispute ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT This article explores the definition of ‘sportswoman’ as put forward in the Caster Semenya case (2019) and the Dutee Chand case (2015) before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). It analyses the structural and discursive factors that made it possible for the CAS to endorse a definition that reduces sex and gender to a matter concerning testosterone. By relying on the concept of intersectionality and analytical sensibilities from Critical Legal Studies, the article shows that framing the cases as a matter of scientific dispute, instead of as concerning human rights, significantly influenced the CAS decisions. Moreover, structural elements of international sports law, such as the lack of knowledge of human rights among CAS arbitrators and a history of institutionalising gendered and racialised body norms through sporting regulations, further aided the affirmation of the ‘testosterone rules’.

A global and a local criterion in defining the tidal radius

2003 ◽  
Vol 324 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caimmi ◽  
L. Secco
Keyword(s):  
Local Criterion

scholarly journals When does an advantage become unfair? Empirical and normative concerns in Semenya’s case

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Camporesi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Association ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Caster Semenya ◽  
Stable Norm ◽  
Fundamental Tension

There is a fundamental tension in many sports: human sex is not binary, but there are only two categories in which people can compete: male and female. Over the past 10 years, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) regulations have been at the centre of two notable legal disputes. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) reached two contradictory rulings: in the first case (Dutee Chand vs Athletics Federation India and IAAF), the IAAF regulations for the eligibility of athletes to compete in the female category were suspended (24 July 2015) on grounds of "discrimination against the female category"; in the latter (Caster Semenya and Athletics South Africa vs IAAF), the regulations were reaffirmed (1 May 2019) on grounds that although discriminatory, they are necessary to maintain a "level playing field" and to “protect” the female category. Although Semenya’s case has paved the way for questioning existing gender norms in sport, a new stable norm has yet to emerge from her case. The pharmacological solution put forward by IAAF to the tension between fairness and inclusivity of bodies non-conforming to two sexes is not, however, the only possible solution/resolution to the case, as I aim to show in this paper. Here I present some reflections on this topic and suggest how CAS should approach the case if it hopes to resolve it.

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