scholarly journals The microstructural variability of the intercentra among temnospondyl amphibians

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Konietzko-Meier ◽  
Marylène Danto ◽  
Kamil Gądek
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Variability

scholarly journals Effects of microstructural variability on thermo-mechanical properties of a woven ceramic matrix composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlana B Goldsmith ◽  
Bhavani V Sankar ◽  
Raphael T Haftka ◽  
Robert K Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Microstructural Variability

scholarly journals Three-dimensional microstructure and numerical calculation of elastic properties of alpine snow with a focus on weak layers

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (222) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berna Köchle ◽  
Martin Schneebeli
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weak Layer ◽  
Snow Stratigraphy ◽  
Precise Characterization ◽  
Microstructural Variability

AbstractThe microstructure and stratigraphy of a snowpack determine its physical behaviour. Weak layers or weak interfaces buried under a slab are prerequisites for the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches, and a precise characterization of weak layers or interfaces is essential to assess stability. Yet their exact geometry and micromechanical properties are poorly known. We cast weak layers and their adjacent layers in the field during two winters and reconstructed their three-dimensional microstructure using X-ray microcomputer tomography. The high resolution of 10–20 μm allowed us to study snow stratigraphy at the microstructural scale. We quantified the microstructural variability for 32 centimetre-sized layered samples and we calculated Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio by tomography-based finite-element simulations. Layers in a sample could therefore be differentiated not only by a change in morphology or microstructure, but also by a change in mechanical properties. We found a logarithmic correlation of Young’s modulus with density for two different density ranges, consistent with previous studies. By calculating the relative microstructural changes within our samples, we showed that a large change could indicate a potential weak layer, but only when the weak layer and both adjacent layers, i.e. the sandwich, were considered.

scholarly journals Corrosion-Induced Microstructural Variability Affects Transport-Kinetics Interaction in PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (8) ◽  
pp. 084519
Author(s):  
Navneet Goswami ◽  
Aashutosh N. Mistry ◽  
Jonathan B. Grunewald ◽  
Thomas F. Fuller ◽  
Partha P. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport Kinetics ◽  
Fuel Cell Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Microstructural Variability ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell Catalyst

White matter microstructural variability mediates the relation between obesity and cognition in healthy adults

NeuroImage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Frauke Beyer ◽  
Leonie Lampe ◽  
Tobias Luck ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Microstructural Variability

scholarly journals Increased Microstructural Variability is Associated With Decreased Structural Strength But With Increased Measures of Structural Ductility in Human Vertebrae

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janardhan Yerramshetty ◽  
Do-Gyoon Kim ◽  
Yener N. Yeni
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Vertebral Strength ◽  
Microstructural Variability ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The lack of accuracy in the prediction of vertebral fracture risk from average density measurements, all external factors being equal, may not just be because bone mineral density (BMD) is less than a perfect surrogate for bone strength but also because strength alone may not be sufficient to fully characterize the structural failure of a vertebra. Apart from bone quantity, the regional variation of cancellous architecture would have a role in governing the mechanical properties of vertebrae. In this study, we estimated various microstructural parameters of the vertebral cancellous centrum based on stereological analysis. An earlier study indicated that within-vertebra variability, measured as the coefficient of variation (COV) of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) or as COV of finite element-estimated apparent modulus (EFE) correlated well with vertebral strength. Therefore, as an extension to our earlier study, we investigated (i) whether the relationships of vertebral strength found with COV of BV/TV and COV of EFE could be extended to the COV of other microstructural parameters and microcomputed tomography-estimated BMD and (ii) whether COV of microstructural parameters were associated with structural ductility measures. COV-based measures were more strongly associated with vertebral strength and ductility measures than average microstructural measures. Moreover, our results support a hypothesis that decreased microstructural variability, while associated with increased strength, may result in decreased structural toughness and ductility. The current findings suggest that variability-based measures could provide an improvement, as a supplement to clinical BMD, in screening for fracture risk through an improved prediction of bone strength and ductility. Further understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying microstructural variability may help develop new treatment strategies for improved structural ductility.

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