Major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders in older adults: Commentary on the RANCZP mood disorders guideline summaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Forbes ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Charles Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

scholarly journals Changes in Non-Coding RNA in Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Can They Be Used as Diagnostic or Theranostic Biomarkers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Andrew Gibbons ◽  
Suresh Sundram ◽  
Brian Dean
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Potential Use

The similarities between the depressive symptoms of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and Bipolar Disorders (BD) suggest these disorders have some commonality in their molecular pathophysiologies, which is not apparent from the risk genes shared between MDD and BD. This is significant, given the growing literature suggesting that changes in non-coding RNA may be important in both MDD and BD, because they are causing dysfunctions in the control of biochemical pathways that are affected in both disorders. Therefore, understanding the changes in non-coding RNA in MDD and BD will lead to a better understanding of how and why these disorders develop. Furthermore, as a significant number of individuals suffering with MDD and BD do not respond to medication, identifying non-coding RNA that are altered by the drugs used to treat these disorders offer the potential to identify biomarkers that could predict medication response. Such biomarkers offer the potential to quickly identify patients who are unlikely to respond to traditional medications so clinicians can refocus treatment strategies to ensure more effective outcomes for the patient. This review will focus on the evidence supporting the involvement of non-coding RNA in MDD and BD and their potential use as biomarkers for treatment response.

Healthcare use for major depressive disorders among middle-aged and older adults in the community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Schuster ◽  
Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli ◽  
Nicolas Hoertel ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Caroline L. Vandeleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

scholarly journals The Role of HPA Axis and Allopregnanolone on the Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorders and PTSD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5495
Author(s):  
Felipe Borges Almeida ◽  
Graziano Pinna ◽  
Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cortisol Release

Under stressful conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis acts to promote transitory physiological adaptations that are often resolved after the stressful stimulus is no longer present. In addition to corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol), the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) participates in negative feedback mechanisms that restore homeostasis. Chronic, repeated exposure to stress impairs the responsivity of the HPA axis and dampens allopregnanolone levels, participating in the etiopathology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDD and PTSD patients present abnormalities in the HPA axis regulation, such as altered cortisol levels or failure to suppress cortisol release in the dexamethasone suppression test. Herein, we review the neurophysiological role of allopregnanolone both as a potent and positive GABAergic neuromodulator but also in its capacity of inhibiting the HPA axis. The allopregnanolone function in the mechanisms that recapitulate stress-induced pathophysiology, including MDD and PTSD, and its potential as both a treatment target and as a biomarker for these disorders is discussed.

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