scholarly journals The impact of human CES1 genetic variation on enzyme activity assessed by ritalinic acid/methylphenidate ratios

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Stage ◽  
Kim Dalhoff ◽  
Henrik Berg Rasmussen ◽  
Louise Schow Guski ◽  
Ragnar Thomsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ritalinic Acid ◽  
The Impact

The impact of founder events and introductions on genetic variation in the muskox Ovibos moschatus in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Gustaf Thulin ◽  
Linda Englund ◽  
Göran Ericsson ◽  
Göran Spong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Founder Events ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Molecular Basis of Quantitative Genetic Variation in Central and Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds ◽  
Deana Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

Abstract To find the genes controlling quantitative variation, we need model systems where functional information on physiology, development, and gene regulation can guide evolutionary inferences. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing quantitative levels of enzyme activity in primary and secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis. All 10 enzymes showed highly significant quantitative genetic variation. Strong positive genetic correlations were found among activity levels of 5 glycolytic enzymes, PGI, PGM, GPD, FBP, and G6P, suggesting that enzymes with closely related metabolic functions are coregulated. Significant QTLs were found influencing activity of most enzymes. Some enzyme activity QTLs mapped very close to known enzyme-encoding loci (e.g., hexokinase, PGI, and PGM). A hexokinase QTL is attributable to cis-acting regulatory variation at the AtHXK1 locus or a closely linked regulatory locus, rather than polypeptide sequence differences. We also found a QTL on chromosome IV that may be a joint regulator of GPD, PGI, and G6P activity. In addition, a QTL affecting PGM activity maps within 700 kb of the PGM-encoding locus. This QTL is predicted to alter starch biosynthesis by 3.4%, corresponding with theoretical models, suggesting that QTLs reflect pleiotropic effects of mutant alleles.

scholarly journals 17Α-METHYLTESTOSTERONE (ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS) ALTERS ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN IN FEMALE MICE, MUS MUSCULUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Sachin B Patil ◽  
Laxmi S Inamdar
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Neuronal Transmission ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

Aim: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. Androgens and anabolic steroids have been used for therapeutic purpose with few exceptions. However, the abuse of AAS is a remarkably prevalent problem, particularly among athletes and adolescents. Supraphysiological doses of AAS exert profound effects on mental state and behaviors such as depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, and cognitive deterioration.Objective: In the present investigation, we studied the impact of one of the AAS compounds, i.e., 17α-methyltestosterone on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in different brain parts of mice, namely, forebrain, hippocampus, midbrain, and hindbrain.Methods: The adult female mice were assigned to four experimental groups to which different doses of 17α-MT (0.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bwt, respectively) were administrated s.c. for 30 days. A significant increase in AChE activity in forebrain and midbrain (low and medium dose treatment) suggests a reduction of cholinergic neurotransmission efficiency due to decrease in acetylcholine levels in trans-synaptic cleft. Further, concurrent reduction in AChE activity was observed in whole brain, hippocampus, and hindbrain of 17α-MT-treated mice suggests the impairment in neuronal transmission. Since the regulation of cholinergic system through acetylcholine hydrolysis has been largely attributed to AChE activity, a significant reduction in its activity may lead to stress-related anxiety, memory loss with some cognitive and behavioral aspects in the mice.Conclusion: Based on the observed results, we propose that 17α-MT, an alkylated steroid compound, has a negative impact on AChE enzyme activity in different parts of mice brain, leading to impairment in neuronal transmission.

Genetic Variation of Serotonin Function and Cognitive Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Thomas Goschke ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Personality

Although it is widely accepted that serotonin plays a pivotal role in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-related personality traits as well as in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and depression, the role of serotonin in cognition is less clear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of serotonin in cognitive behaviors by examining the impact of genetic variation in key regulators of serotonergic neurotransmission on behavioral measures in a cognitive control task. Eighty-five healthy participants performed a cued continuous performance task (the AX Continuous Performance Task [AXCPT]) and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the transcriptional control regions of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2 G-703T; rs4570625) and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). The core result was that individuals lacking the rare TPH2 T allele were not faster than T allele carriers, but committed fewer errors and were less variable in responding. These findings parallel those of a recent study where an enhancement of executive control in individuals without the rare TPH2 T/T genotype was observed. Together with recent evidence that individuals without the T allele exhibit higher scores in anxiety- and depression-related personality traits, our results underscore the role of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism in the modulation of behavior and raise the intriguing possibility that genetic variants associated with higher negative emotionality may have beneficial effects on some cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Reviewing drug package inserts available in United Arab Emirates for USFDA recommended pharmacogenomic information

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Package Inserts ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Direct Genetic Evidence

Pharmacogenomics aims to characterize the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to variability in therapeutic response and toxicity. The USFDA has issued a list of drugs which exhibit polymorphism and relevant sections in the package inserts for providing pharmacogenomic information and their biomarkers to reduce the risk of drug toxicity. A total of 67 Package inserts of 41 drugs in 5 therapeutic areas, available in UAE under various brand names, were thoroughly reviewed for direct and indirect pharmacogenomic information and compared with FDA recommendations. It was observed that only 26 package inserts of 17 drugs (41%) prescribed provided direct genetic evidence and information on the type of polymorphism influencing drug efficacy and toxicity. Indirect indicators describing genetic variation in metabolizing enzyme activity was present in 20 inserts (30%)., It was concluded that incorporating the necessary pharmacogenomic information, as recommended by the USFDA, in the package inserts of drugs available in UAE will help in enhancing drug efficacy, safety and awareness among the physicians, pharmacists and patients.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on leaf protein, proline, peroxidise activity and yield in released and pre-released genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
H.Y. Patil ◽  
Pooja ◽  
V.P. Chimmad
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
The Impact

The performance of crops need to be assessed for their production under erratic rain fall pattern, increased temperatures, and enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the present study groundnut was chosen as test crop and selected genotypes [four released (GPBD-4, G2-52, Dh-86 and TMV-2) and four pre-released (Dh-245, Dh-232, Dh-256 and Dh-257)] were studied to quantify the impact of moisture deficit stress at critical growth stages i.e., 40 to 80 DAS and 80 DAS to harvest. Leaf protein and proline increases in tolerant genotypes at higher moisture stress levels than susceptible genotypes as they acts as osmolytes and maintains the turgidity of the cell and hence, checks the water loss and peroxidase enzyme activity which in turn scavenges ROS produced due to stress as a result there was reduction in yield. The genotypes, GPBD-4, Dh-257 and Dh-256 recorded higher per cent increase in leaf soluble protein, leaf proline and peroxidase enzyme activity at all the stages. Increase was higher at 80 DAS to harvest stressed plants than 40 to 80 DAS stressed plants.

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