scholarly journals Escitalopram population pharmacokinetics in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and in the psychiatric population: Drug–drug interactions and probability of target attainment

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 2022-2032
Author(s):  
Perrine Courlet ◽  
Monia Guidi ◽  
Anaïs Glatard ◽  
Susana Alves Saldanha ◽  
Matthias Cavassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Target Attainment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Psychiatric Population

scholarly journals Population Pharmacokinetics of Nevirapine, Zidovudine, and Didanosine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jian Zhou ◽  
Lewis B. Sheiner ◽  
Richard T. D’Aquila ◽  
Michael D. Hughes ◽  
Martin S. Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Triple Combination ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
First Order ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The population pharmacokinetics of nevirapine (NVP), zidovudine (ZDV), and didanosine (ddI) were evaluated in a total of 175 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus randomized to receive either a double combination of ZDV plus ddI or a triple combination of NVP plus ZDV plus ddI as a substudy of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 241. Levels (approximating 3.5 determinations/patient) of the three drugs in plasma were measured during 44 of a total 48 weeks of study treatment, and a set of potential covariates was available for nonlinear mixed-effect modeling analysis. A one-compartment model with zero-order input and first-order elimination was fitted to the NVP data. Individual oral clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) averaged 0.0533 liters/h/kg of body weight and 1.17 liters/kg, respectively. Gender was the only covariate which significantly correlated with the CL of NVP. ZDV and ddI data were described by a two-compartment model with zero-order input and first-order elimination. Individual mean oral CL,V SS (volume of distribution at steady state), and V of ZDV were 1.84 liters/h/kg and 6.68 and 2.67 liters/kg, respectively, with body weight and age as correlates of CL and body weight as a correlate of V SS. The average individual oral CL, V SS, andV of ddI were 1.64 liters/h/kg and 3.56 and 2.74 liters/kg, respectively, with body weight as a significant correlate of both CL and V SS. The relative bioavailability (F) of ZDV and ddI in the triple combination compared to that in the double combination was also evaluated. No significant effects of the combination regimens on the F of ddI were detected (F TRIPLE = 1.05 andF DOUBLE = 1 by definition), but theF of ZDV was markedly reduced by the triple combination, being only 67.7% of that of the double combination. Large (>50%) intraindividual variability was associated with both ZDV and ddI pharmacokinetics. Individual cumulative area under the plasma drug level-time curve of the three drugs was calculated for the entire study period as a measure of drug exposure based on the individual data and the final-model estimates of structural and statistical parameters.

Polypharmacy and Drug–Drug Interactions in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Region of Madrid, Spain: A Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz López-Centeno ◽  
Carlos Badenes-Olmedo ◽  
Ángel Mataix-Sanjuan ◽  
Katie McAllister ◽  
José M Bellón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) that involve antiretrovirals (ARVs) tend to cause harm if unrecognized, especially in the context of comorbidity and polypharmacy. Methods A linkage was established between the drug dispensing registry of Madrid and the Liverpool human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DDI database (January 2017–June 2017). Polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥5 non-HIV medications, and DDIs were classified by a traffic-light ranking for severity. Results A total of 22 945 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 6 613 506 individuals without HIV had received medications. ARV regimens were predominantly based on integrase inhibitors (51.96%). Polypharmacy was higher in PLWH (32.94%) than individuals without HIV (22.16%; P < .001); this difference was consistently observed across all age strata except for individuals ≥75 years. Polypharmacy was more common in women than men in both PLWH and individuals without HIV. The prevalence of contraindicated combinations involving ARVs was 3.18%. Comedications containing corticosteroids, quetiapine, or antithrombotic agents were associated with the highest risk for red-flag DDI, and the use of raltegravir- or dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence interval, .60–.88; P = .001) for red-flag DDI. Conclusions Polypharmacy was more frequent among PLWH across all age groups except those aged ≥75 years and was more common in women. The detection of contraindicated medications in PLWH suggests a likely disconnect between hospital and community prescriptions. Switching to alternative unboosted integrase regimens should be considered for patients with risk of harm from DDIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Important Telaprevir Drug Interactions Among Patients Coinfected With Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimish Patel ◽  
Michael Veve ◽  
Steven Bliss ◽  
Mona Nasiri ◽  
Louise-Anne McNutt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Drug‐Drug Interactions in Inmates Treated for Human Immunodeficiency Virus andMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection or Disease: An Institutional Tuberculosis Outbreak

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Spradling ◽  
D. Drociuk ◽  
S. McLaughlin ◽  
L. M. Lee ◽  
C. A. Peloquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Drug Interactions in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Piscitelli ◽  
C. Flexner ◽  
J. R. Minor ◽  
M. A. Polis ◽  
H. Masur
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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