scholarly journals A rapid method to quantify small‐scale vegetation patch structure to complement conventional quadrat surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Butler ◽  
Roy A. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetation Patch ◽  
Patch Structure

scholarly journals A rapid method to quantify small-scale vegetation patch structure to complement conventional quadrat surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Butler ◽  
Roy Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Vegetation Patch ◽  
Patch Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subdominant Species

Aims Vegetation sampling typically involves the use of quadrats, often 1m2, to estimate species cover-abundance. Such surveys do not generally record small-scale vegetation patch structure at sub-quadrat scales, for example 10 cm2. Here we test a simple method to quantify patch structure that complements conventional techniques. We compare the two methods, and analyse metrics derived from small-scale patch surveys with environment / management data. Location Northumberland, United Kingdom Methods We recorded cover-abundance of all species in an upland moor with 1m2 quadrats. These were divided into 100 'sub-quadrats', 10 x 10 cm, and the dominant and subdominant species identified. Patch metrics (number, area and shape) for individual species recorded as dominant or subdominant in the sub-quadrat survey were analysed using multivariate generalised linear models with environmental and management data. Sub-quadrat data were also aggregated for each quadrat, to create species composition data. The two sets of compositional data, from whole-quadrat and sub-quadrat aggregations, were compared via Procrustes rotation of ordination scores. Results Patch number, area and shape for dominant and subdominant species were all significantly affected by soil pH, soil water content, slope and elevation. Effects of proximity to sheep tracks and drainage ditches were less consistent amongst species. Ordinations of vegetation data from conventional and sub-quadrats were similar, with significant Procrustes R-squared of 67% and 70% for dominant and subdominant species respectively. Conclusions Sub-quadrat surveys can easily be used to complement existing whole-quadrat surveys at little cost in time or resources. Their patch metrics can provide additional insights into the environmental and management drivers that may affect the growth of individual plants or clumps, potentially in relation to plant traits, and thus alter the overall community composition. The methods we describe can readily be adapted to other sizes of quadrats and sub-quadrats in a wide range of vegetation communities.

scholarly journals Experiment and Computation of Morphological Response to a Vegetation Patch in Open-Channel Flows with Erodible Banks

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Suk Kim ◽  
Ichiro Kimura ◽  
Yasuyuki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Vegetation Patch ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Channel Slope ◽  
Patch Density ◽  
Averaged Model

This study describes morphological changes with a vegetation patch using both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Four experimental cases are carried out with two patch densities and without a patch. The patch is constructed with emergent cylinders of 5 mm in a staggered array and it is located at the mid-channel. A 2D depth-averaged model is proposed to simulate flow and morphological change with vegetation. For non-vegetation cases, channel widening occurs with bank erosion, whereas the added patch in open channels causes significant bank erosion opposite and downstream of the patch, and failed sediment is deposited downstream of the patch. Local scour is observed near the lateral edge of the patch, and its depth increases with increasing patch density. Small-scale scour occurs in the immediate vicinity of cylinders within the patch due to increased turbulence. Averaged channel width increases with increasing discharge, channel slope and the patch density. Comparisons with experimental data show the numerical model predicts spatial patterns of erosion and deposition as well as lateral bank erosion caused by the vegetation patch reasonably well, so could be a useful tool for the future design and assessment of river restoration works involving vegetation.

Effects of Urine Deposition on Small-Scale Patch Structure in Prairie Vegetation

Ecology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Steinauer ◽  
S. L. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Patch Structure ◽  
Prairie Vegetation

scholarly journals Cooperative Test on the Small-scale Rapid Method for the Gelatinization Properties Test of Rice Flours with a Rapid-Visco-Analyser(RVA).

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidechika TOYOSHIMA ◽  
Hiroshi OKADOME ◽  
Ken'ichi OHTSUBO ◽  
Mitsuru SUTO ◽  
Noboru HORISUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rapid Visco Analyser ◽  
Gelatinization Properties ◽  
Rice Flours

scholarly journals Effect of dung deposition on small-scale patch structure and seasonal vegetation dynamics in mountain pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gillet ◽  
Florian Kohler ◽  
Charlotte Vandenberghe ◽  
Alexandre Buttler
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Patch Structure

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

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