scholarly journals Fire increases the reproduction of the dominant grass Brachypodium retusum and Mediterranean steppe diversity in a combined burning and grazing experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Vidaller ◽  
Thierry Dutoit ◽  
Hervé Ramone ◽  
Armin Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Dominant Grass

0620 Performance and rumimal metabolism are not changed in lactating dairy cows offered spring available annual forage crops during a short-term grazing experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
K. A. Juntwait ◽  
A. F. Brito ◽  
K. S. O'Connor ◽  
R. G. Smith ◽  
K. M. Aragona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Fuel and fire characteristics in savanna - woodland of West Africa in relation to grazing and dominant grass type

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Savadogo ◽  
Didier Zida ◽  
Louis Sawadogo ◽  
Daniel Tiveau ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Savanna Woodland ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Dominant Grass

Fuel characteristics, fire behaviour and temperature were studied in relation to grazing, dominant grass type and wind direction in West African savanna–woodland by lighting 32 prescribed early fires. Grazing significantly reduced the vegetation height, total fuel load, and dead and live fuel fractions whereas plots dominated by perennial grasses had higher values for vegetation height, total fuel load and the quantity of live fuel load. Although fire intensity remained insensitive (P > 0.05) to any of these factors, fuel consumption was significantly (P = 0.021) reduced by grazing, rate of spread was faster in head fire (P = 0.012), and flame length was shorter in head fire than back fire (P = 0.044). The average maximum temperature was higher (P < 0.05) on non-grazed plots, on plots dominated by annual grasses, on plots subjected to head fire, and at the soil surface. Lethal temperature residence time showed a nearly similar trend to fire temperature. Wind speed and total fuel load were best predictors of fire behaviour parameters (R2 ranging from 0.557 to 0.862). It can be concluded that grazing could be used as a management tool to modify fire behaviour, back fire should be carried out during prescribed burning to lower fire severity, and the fire behaviour models can be employed to guide prescribed early fire in the study area.

scholarly journals Do Sandy Grasslands along the Danube in the Carpathian Basin Preserve the Memory of Forest-Steppes?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Károly Penksza ◽  
Dénes Saláta ◽  
Gergely Pápay ◽  
Norbert Péter ◽  
Zoltán Bajor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Sandy Grasslands ◽  
Dominant Grass

Research highlights: In the present survey we examined the sandy grasslands appearing in the steppe-forest-steppe vegetation in the central part of the Carpathian Basin along the Danube. Background and objectives: We aimed to answer the following questions: Is it possible to build a picture of the past form of the vegetation through the examination of these vegetation units based on dominant grass taxa? Is Festuca wagneri an element of open grasslands or steppes? According to our hypothesis, these surveys can help reveal the original or secondary woody, shrubby patches through clarifying dominant taxa. Materials and Methods: We studied the grasslands in terms of coenology, putting great emphasis on the dominant Festuca taxa. Based on our preliminary surveys and literature, three vegetation types can be separated based on one single dominant Festuca taxon in each. The survey was conducted in four different locations in the Carpathian Basin. The cover of dominant grass species was used as an indicator value. The pedological background was also examined. Results: F. vaginata grassland is an open vegetation type based on its coenosystematic composition and ecological values. It grows in very weakly developed calcareous soil with sandy texture, with its lowest and highest organic carbon content ranging from 0.2% to 11.3% (0.2%), and the highest carbonate content (11.3%). Where the grasslands were disturbed, F. pseudovaginata and the recently discovered F. tomanii appeared. These taxa were also found in forest patches. The soil under F. pseudovaginata was more developed, in the surface horizon with higher organic carbon content (1.1%) and lower carbonate content (6.9%). The soil profile under F. wagneri developed the most, as the presence of deep and humus rich soil material from deflation and degradation showed. Conclusions: the dominant Festuca taxa of these vegetation types are good indicators of the changes in the vegetation and their ecological background.

Reversal of nitrogen-induced species diversity declines mediated by change in dominant grass and litter

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jushan Liu ◽  
Yao Cui ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Brian J. Wilsey ◽  
Forest Isbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Grass

The use of cumulative gas production technique to characterize changes in the fermentation characteristics of rumen contents following variable periods of starvation and grazing in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chilibrostet ◽  
B. A. Williams ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
S. Calabro
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThe effect of the duration of grazing (experiment 1) and starvation time and placement in the rumen of inert bulk material before grazing (experiment 2), on the rumen content ferment ability, was investigated by means of measuring cumulative gas production. In experiment 1, a comparison was made of four durations of grazing (1, 1·75, 2·50 and 3·25 h) after overnight starvation. Rumen samples taken from the cows after 1 h of grazing had higher values of total accumulated gas with less (P < 0·05) time required to reach the maximum fermentation rate than cows grazed for 3·25 h. Following grazing, a 7·75·h starvation period was imposed on the four treatments. The extent of fermentation was significantly lower (P < 0·01) after starvation than immediately after grazing (49·7 v. 60·8% of incubated dry matter (DM), respectively). Experiment 2 consisted of a factorial combination of two durations of starvation before grazing (16·5 (LS) and 2·5 (SS) h) with the presence or absence in the rumen of 12·5 kg of a synthetic indigestible material. Before grazing the total accumulated gas production was less (P < 0·05) for the LS than for the SS cows. After the grazing session, the total gas of rumen samples from the LS cows was significantly higher (P < 0·05) than for the SS cows.This was in agreement with the observed higher DM intake during grazing and DM rumen pools after grazing in LS cows. For both starvation periods, the presence of inert rumen bulk led to a higher total gas, a shorter half-time and less DM left unfermented. The measurement of fermentation kinetics by cumulative gas production was suitable to detect changes in rumen content fermentation patterns due to the clearance of material from the rumen (effect of starvation) or DM intake during the grazing sessions.

scholarly journals Syntaxonomical analysis of sandy grassland vegetation dominated by Festuca vaginata and F. pseudovaginata in the Pannonian basin

Hacquetia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Károly Penksza ◽  
Péter Csontos ◽  
Gergely Pápay
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
Ephedra Distachya ◽  
Sandy Grassland ◽  
Dominant Grass

Abstract Festucetum vaginatae Rapaics ex Soó 1929 em. Borhidi 1996 is a characteristic association of the calcareous sandy areas of the Pannonian basin; its dominant grass species is Festuca vaginata. Another typical species of these sandy areas is the newly discovered F. pseudovaginata. The question is whether F. pseudovaginata forms an independent coenotaxa? Our study proved that F. vaginata and F. pseudovaginata populations grow separately and compose different associations. Stands dominated by F. pseudovaginata had a higher species richness and harboured twice as many Festuco-Brometea species compared to the Festucetum vaginatae stands. Diagnostic species of the Festucetum pseudovaginatae association are Festuca pseudovaginata, Colchicum arenarium, Ephedra distachya, Koeleria majoriflora, and Astragalus onobrychis. The number of species, the density of the individuals, and the variability and diversity of the vegetation separated it from the Festucetum vaginatae association; thus, it can be considered an independent endemic association. Festucetum pseudovaginatae has its own differentiating and dominant species: Carex stenophylla, Cynodon dactylon, Eryngium campestre, Kochia laniflora.

scholarly journals Root traits predict decomposition across a landscape-scale grazing experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Smith ◽  
Sarah J. Woodin ◽  
Robin J. Pakeman ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
René van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Root Traits ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Grazing Experiment
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