The effect of weed management systems and location on arable weed species communities in glyphosate-resistant cropping systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Gibson ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Micheal D.K. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arable Weed

Alternatives to Atrazine for Weed Management in Processing Sweet Corn

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubeyde Filiz Arslan ◽  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Roger Becker ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz ◽  
R. Ed Peachey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Production Areas

Atrazine has been the most widely used herbicide in North American processing sweet corn for decades; however, increased restrictions in recent years have reduced or eliminated atrazine use in certain production areas. The objective of this study was to identify the best stakeholder-derived weed management alternatives to atrazine in processing sweet corn. In field trials throughout the major production areas of processing sweet corn, including three states over 4 yr, 12 atrazine-free weed management treatments were compared to three standard atrazine-containing treatments and a weed-free check. Treatments varied with respect to herbicide mode of action, herbicide application timing, and interrow cultivation. All treatments included a PRE application of dimethenamid. No single weed species occurred across all sites; however, weeds observed in two or more sites included common lambsquarters, giant ragweed, morningglory species, velvetleaf, and wild-proso millet. Standard treatments containing both atrazine and mesotrione POST provided the most efficacious weed control among treatments and resulted in crop yields comparable to the weed-free check, thus demonstrating the value of atrazine in sweet corn production systems. Timely interrow cultivation in atrazine-free treatments did not consistently improve weed control. Only two atrazine-free treatments consistently resulted in weed control and crop yield comparable to standard treatments with atrazine POST: treatments with tembotrione POST either with or without interrow cultivation. Additional atrazine-free treatments with topramezone applied POST worked well in Oregon where small-seeded weed species were prevalent. This work demonstrates that certain atrazine-free weed management systems, based on input from the sweet corn growers and processors who would adopt this technology, are comparable in performance to standard atrazine-containing weed management systems.

Weed management with CGA-362622 in transgenic and nontransgenic cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunk Porterfield ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Jerry W. Wells ◽  
Scott B. Clewis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field studies conducted at three locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 evaluated crop tolerance, weed control, and yield with CGA-362622 alone and in combination with various weed management systems in transgenic and nontransgenic cotton systems. The herbicide systems used bromoxynil, CGA-362622, glyphosate, and pyrithiobac applied alone early postemergence (EPOST) or mixtures of CGA-362622 plus bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac applied EPOST. Trifluralin preplant incorporated followed by (fb) fluometuron preemergence (PRE) alone or fb a late POST–directed (LAYBY) treatment of prometryn plus MSMA controlled all the weed species present less than 90%. Herbicide systems that included soil-applied and LAYBY herbicides plus glyphosate EPOST or mixtures of CGA-362622 EPOST plus bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac controlled broadleaf signalgrass, entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed at least 90%. Only cotton treated with these herbicide systems yielded equivalent to the weed-free check for each cultivar. Bromoxynil systems did not control Palmer amaranth and sicklepod, pyrithiobac systems did not control sicklepod, and CGA-362622 systems did not control prickly sida.

scholarly journals Assessing weeds at risk of evolving glyphosate resistance in Australian sub-tropical glyphosate-resistant cotton systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Werth ◽  
David Thornby ◽  
Steve Walker
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Very High

Glyphosate resistance will have a major impact on current cropping practices in glyphosate-resistant cotton systems. A framework for a risk assessment for weed species and management practices used in cropping systems with glyphosate-resistant cotton will aid decision making for resistance management. We developed this framework and then assessed the biological characteristics of 65 species and management practices from 50 cotton growers. This enabled us to predict the species most likely to evolve resistance, and the situations in which resistance is most likely to occur. Species with the highest resistance risk were Brachiaria eruciformis, Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa panicoides, Chloris virgata, Sonchus oleraceus and Echinochloa colona. The summer fallow and non-irrigated glyphosate-resistant cotton were the highest risk phases in the cropping system. When weed species and management practices were combined, C. bonariensis in summer fallow and other winter crops were at very high risk. S. oleraceus had very high risk in summer and winter fallow, as did C. virgata and E. colona in summer fallow. This study enables growers to identify potential resistance risks in the species present and management practices used on their farm, which will to facilitate a more targeted weed management approach to prevent development of glyphosate resistance.

Buckwheat Residue Effects on Emergence and Growth of Weeds in Winter-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Russell R. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field and pot studies were conducted in Central New York to determine the potential weed-management benefits of a buckwheat cover crop grown before winter wheat. Specific objectives were to determine buckwheat residue effects on (1) emergence and growth of winter annual weeds; (2) wheat establishment and yield; and (3) emergence of summer annual weeds in the spring following overwinter seed burial. In a field study, buckwheat was sown at two timings (July or August), mowed, and either incorporated or left on the soil surface. Winter wheat was drilled into buckwheat residue in September and weed and crop growth were monitored. In a complementary pot study, four winter annual weeds were sown in soil removed from buckwheat and bare-soil plots at 0 or 15 d after incorporation and monitored for emergence and early growth. To assess buckwheat residue effects on spring emergence from overwintering seeds, seeds of three weed species were buried in buckwheat residue and bare-soil plots in the fall, exhumed in April, and evaluated for emergence. To investigate the mechanism for possible effects of buckwheat residue on overwintering seeds, two levels each of seed treatment (none or fungicide) and fertilization (none or 170 kg ha−1) were applied before burial. Buckwheat residue had no negative effect on wheat yields but suppressed emergence (22 to 72%) and growth (0 to 95%) of winter annual weeds, although effects were often small and inconsistent. Buckwheat residue had no effect on the emergence of buried weed seeds in spring. However, fungicide treatment enhanced the emergence of Powell amaranth seeds by 12.5 to 25.5% and of barnyardgrass seeds by 0 to 12%. Our results suggest that buckwheat residue can contribute to weed management in wheat cropping systems, but that further studies investigating the mechanistic basis for the inconsistent selective effects of buckwheat residue on weeds are needed before buckwheat use can be optimized.

Seed Longevity of 41 Weed Species Buried 17 Years in Eastern and Western Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orvin C. Burnside ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Sanford Weisberg ◽  
Kenneth G. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Seed of 41 economically important weed species of the Great Plains region of the United States were buried 20 cm deep in soil in eastern and western Nebraska in 1976. The 41 species consisted of 11 annual grass, 14 annual broadleaf, 4 biennial broadleaf, and 12 perennial broadleaf species. Weed seeds were exhumed annually for germination tests the first 9 yr, then after 12 and 17 yr. Germination percentages at the two burial locations averaged over 0, 1 to 4, 5 to 8, and 9 to 17 yr of burial were 57, 28, 9, and 4% for annual grass; 47, 26, 16, and 11 % for annual broadleaf; 52, 49, 44, and 30 % for biennial broadleaf; 36, 18, 13, and 8% for perennial broadleaf; and 47, 26, 16, and 10% for all 41 weed species, respectively. Biennial broadleaf weeds showed the greatest seed germination over years. Annual grass weeds showed less seed germinability over 17 yr of burial than annual broadleaf weeds and perennial broadleaf weed species were intermediate. Weed seed germinability in soil was greater in the reduced rainfall and more moderate soil temperatures of western Nebraska than in the greater rainfall and more fluctuating soil temperatures of eastern Nebraska. The greatest seed survival among the 41 weed species was shown by common mullein, which had 95% germination after 17 yr of burial in western Nebraska. Decay rates of individual weed species in soil will be of most value to weed scientists, agriculturalists, and modelers evaluating past or designing future weed management systems.

Evaluating the Economic Risk of Herbicide-Based Weed Management Systems in Corn and Soybean Using Stochastic Dominance Testing

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Hoverstad ◽  
Gregg A. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey L. Gunsolus ◽  
Robert P. King
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Dominance Testing ◽  
Weed Diversity

Herbicide evaluation trials are typically conducted with the objective of rating herbicide efficacy and assessing crop yield loss. There is little if any attempt to quantify the economic risk associated with each treatment. The objective of this research was to use second-degree stochastic dominance to evaluate the economic stability of corn and soybean weed management systems between two contrasting environments. Weed management systems were evaluated in small-plot replicated trials over a 3-yr time period at two locations in southern Minnesota. One location (Waseca) had a slightly cooler and wetter environment than the second location (Lamberton). The Waseca location also had higher weed density and greater weed species diversity. Adjusted returns from weed management were calculated for each system by measuring economic returns, as determined by deducting weed management costs from the product of crop price and grain yield. Stochastic dominance is a technique that considers the entire distribution of net returns from weed management and compares these cumulative distributions as a basis for analyzing risk. Climate, soils, and weed diversity dictated differences in risk efficiency and effectiveness of the various weed management systems evaluated between the Waseca and Lamberton sites. Stochastic dominance testing is a useful tool for understanding long-term risk across environments. Results can be used to develop effective long-term weed management systems that minimize risk while maximizing profit potential.

Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method Affects Weed Growth and Competition with Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Louis J. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Application Methods

Strategic fertilizer management is an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on weed growth and wheat yield. Weed species were chosen to represent species that varied in their growth responsiveness to P: redroot pigweed (medium), wild mustard (medium), wild oat (medium), green foxtail (high), redstem filaree (high), and round-leaved mallow (high). P fertilizer application methods were seed placed at a 5-cm depth, midrow banded at a 10-cm depth, surface broadcast immediately before seeding, and surface broadcast immediately after seeding of wheat. An unfertilized control was included. P treatments were applied to the same plot in four consecutive years to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Shoot P concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P fertilizer compared with either surface-broadcast application method. This result occurred more frequently with the highly P-responsive weeds and was more evident in the latter study years. P application method had little effect on weed-free wheat yield but often had a large effect on weed-infested wheat yield. Seed-placed or midrow-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P fertilizer often resulted in higher yields when wheat was in the presence of competitive weeds. Seedbank determinations at the conclusion of the study indicated that the seed density of five of six weed species was reduced with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P. Information gained in this study will aid development of more effective weed management systems in wheat.

scholarly journals Carrots and Sticks: Incentives and Regulations for Herbicide Resistance Management and Changing Behavior

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
John Soteres ◽  
David Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Agricultural Community

Although the problem of herbicide resistance is not new, the widespread evolution of glyphosate resistance in weed species such as Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.), common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer), and kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] raised awareness throughout the agricultural community of herbicide resistance as a problem. Glyphosate-resistant weeds resulted in the loss of a simple, single herbicide option to control a wide spectrum of weeds that gave efficacious and economical weed management in corn (Zea maysL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) crops engineered for tolerance to this herbicide and planted over widespread areas of the South and Midwest of the United States. Beyond these crops, glyphosate is used for vegetation management in other cropping systems and in noncrop areas across the United States, and resistance to this herbicide threatens its continued utility in all of these situations. This, combined with the development of multiple herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of commercialization of herbicides with new mechanisms of action over the past years (Duke 2012), caused the weed science community to realize that stewardship of existing herbicide resources, extending their useful life as long as possible, is imperative. Further, while additional herbicide tolerance traits are being incorporated into crops, weed management in these crops will still be based upon using existing, old, herbicide chemistries.

Effect of roller-crimper technology on weed management in organic zucchini production in a Mediterranean climate zone

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Ciaccia ◽  
Stefano Canali ◽  
Gabriele Campanelli ◽  
Elena Testani ◽  
Francesco Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cropping Seasons

AbstractIntegrating cover crops into vegetable cropping systems can provide a wide range of ecological services, of which weed management is a key component. Cover crop effects on weed control, however, are dependent on termination methods and weed species present in specific cropping seasons. A 2-year weed management experiment with two cultivars of organic zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) in central Italy was carried out to compare the effect of a barley (Hordeum distichum L.) cover crop terminated with a modified roller-crimper (RC) to incorporated barley as green manure (GM) and a tilled control left fallow (FA) in the off-season. The effects of cover-crop management on crop competitiveness, yields and weed populations were evaluated by direct measurement, visual estimation and competition index methods. Results showed a significant reduction in weed biomass (>80%) and weed abundance with the RC compared to the GM and FA treatments. Moreover, the RC barley mulch maintained weed control in zucchini plots even under high weed pressure, as determined by the agronomic tolerance to competition (ATC) value of 67% in the RC treatment compared to 40 and 34% in the FA and GM treatments, respectively, averaged over both years of the experiment. The competitive balance (Cb), which quantified the ability of the zucchini crop to compete with weed populations, was also greater (+0.37) in the RC treatment compared to FA (−0.87) and GM (−0.69) treatments over the same period. Zucchini crop biomass was greatest in the RC treatment in 2011. Zucchini fruit yields varied from an average over both years of 1.4 Mg ha−1 in the RC treatment to 0.7 Mg ha−1 in the GM treatment, but yields in the FA treatment, 1.2 Mg ha−1, did not differ from the RC treatment. No differences in yield between ‘Dietary’ and ‘Every’ zucchini, or any significant interactions between cultivar and cover management related to fruit biomass, were observed. Our findings suggested the viability of the modified RC in creating a barley cover-crop mulch to effectively manage weeds and enhance yields in transplanted zucchini.

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nebojša Nikolić ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Roberta Masin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Quantity ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
No Till

Weed behaviour in crop fields has been extensively studied; nevertheless, limited knowledge is available for particular cropping systems, such as no-till systems. Improving weed management under no-till conditions requires an understanding of the interaction between crop residues and the seedling emergence process. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize and wheat residues, applied in three different quantities (1, the field quantity, 0.5, and 1.5-fold amounts of the field quantity), on the emergence of eight weed species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Sonchus oleraceus, and Sorghum halepense. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive years. The results showed that the quantities 1 and 1.5 could suppress seedling emergence by 20 and 44%, respectively, while the quantity 0.5 seems to promote emergence by 22% compared with the control without residues. Weed species showed different responses to crop residues, from C. album showing 56% less emergence to S. halepense showing a 44% higher emergence than the control without residues. Different meteorological conditions in the two-year experiment also exhibited a significant influence on weed species emergence.

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