Effect of ginkgo extract supplementation onin vitrorumen fermentation and bacterial profiles under different dietary conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1737-1743
Author(s):  
Seongjin Oh ◽  
Satoshi Koike ◽  
Yasuo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Extract

scholarly journals The effect of simultaneous consumption of Ginkgo extract and Ritalin on the passive avoidance learning in male Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Zohre Jafari ◽  
Sadaf Farhadi ◽  
Hamidreza Mohajerani ◽  
Abolfazl Saeedifar ◽  
Zhila Mohseni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Passive Avoidance Learning ◽  
Ginkgo Extract ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Ginkgo Extract EGb761 Confers Neuroprotection by Reduction of Glutamate Release in Ischemic Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mdzinarishvili ◽  
Rachita K. Sambria ◽  
Dorothee Lang ◽  
Jochen Klein
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Ginkgo Extract

Purpose - Ginkgo extract EGb761 has shown anti-edema and anti-ischemic effects in various experimental models. In the present study, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of EGb761 in experimental stroke while monitoring brain metabolism by microdialysis. Methods - We have used oxygen-glucose deprivation in brain slices in vitro and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo to induce ischemia in mouse brain. We used microdialysis in mouse striatum to monitor extracellular concentrations of glucose and glutamate. Results - In vitro, EGb761 reduced ischemia-induced cell swelling in hippocampal slices by 60%. In vivo, administration of EGb761 (300 mg/kg) reduced cell degeneration and edema formation after MCAO by 35-50%. Immediately following MCAO, striatal glucose levels dropped to 25% of controls, and this reduction was not significantly affected by EGb761. Striatal glutamate levels, in contrast, increased 15-fold after MCAO; after pretreatment with EGb761, glutamate levels only increased by 4-5fold. Conclusions - We show that pretreatment with EGb761 strongly reduces cellular edema formation and neurodegeneration under conditions of ischemia. The mechanism of action seems to be related to a reduction of excitotoxicity, because ischemia-induced release of glutamate was strongly suppressed. Ginkgo extracts such as EGb761 may be valuable to prevent ischemia-induced damage in stroke-prone patients. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Shenmayizhi Formula Combined with Ginkgo Extract Tablets for the Treatment of Vascular Dementia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Huiqin Zhang ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Hui Pei ◽  
Huichan Wang ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ginkgo Extract

Shenmayizhi formula (SMYZF) has been shown to have an effect on vascular dementia (VaD) in previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a combination of SMYZF with Ginkgo extract tablets improves mild-to-moderate VaD. In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled study, we randomly assigned 196 patients with VaD (aged 50–85 years) to either the SMYZF group (n = 98) or the Ginkgo group (n = 98). All patients received Ginkgo extract tablets as a basic treatment, while the SMYZF group also received SMYZF treatment. We evaluated the participants at baseline and after 12 weeks of the intervention for the following: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), activities of daily living (ADL), Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS) scores, serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and homocysteine (Hcy) serum levels. Both interventions significantly increased MMSE scores and decreased NIHSS, ADL, and CM-SS scores. The SMYZF group showed greater improvement in MMSE, NIHSS, and CM-SS scores. Both groups showed a significant decrease in serum ET-1 and an increase in serum VEGF. Furthermore, serum NO increased, and vWF decreased significantly in the SMYZF group. Changes in serum ET-1 and NO were greater in the SMYZF group. Both groups showed a significant increase in serum BDNF and a decrease in serum NSE and Hcy. Improvement in serum NSE and BDNF was greater in the SMYZF group. SMYZF combined with Ginkgo extract tablets improved vascular endothelial and cognitive functions, as well as the syndromes diagnosed based on the traditional Chinese medicine in patients with VaD.

Separation and Purification of Flavonoid from Ginkgo Extract by Polyamide Resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 2413-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Jianming Tong ◽  
Shuqin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Ginkgo Extract

scholarly journals Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761, Donepezil and their Combination on Central Cholinergic Function in Aged Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Stein ◽  
Julia Hopfeld ◽  
Helene Lau ◽  
Jochen Klein
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Choline Uptake ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Interaction ◽  
Ginkgo Extract ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. Ginkgo extract EGb 761 and cholinesterase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of dementia patients. In addition to neuroprotective effects, Ginkgo extract EGb 761 has been reported to elevate brain levels of certain neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine. In the present study, we investigated the impact of EGb 761, donepezil and the combination of both drugs on the central cholinergic system in aged rats. Methods. 24 month old rats received EGb 761 (100 mg/kg/day), donepezil (1.5 mg/kg/day), the combination of both drugs or vehicle control by oral gavage for 14 days. We used microdialysis in rat hippocampus to monitor extracellular concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), choline, glucose and lactate. Brain homogenates were prepared to measure activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and high affinity choline uptake (HACU). Results. While EGb 761 alone had no effect, donepezil and the combination of donepezil and EGb 761 increased basal ACh levels by 2- to 3-fold. Concomitantly, significant reductions of AChE and HACU were measured in both groups. No differences were seen between donepezil and the combination in these parameters. Treatment with EGb 761 decreased extracellular choline release and showed a tendency to moderately elevate ChAT activity. Conclusions. We found that donepezil and EGb 761 do not display a pharmacological interaction when given together. Adding EGb 761 did not modify the effects of donepezil on the hippocampal cholinergic system. Reduced choline levels indicate neuroprotective properties of EGb 761. Therefore, the combination of EGb 761 and donepezil may be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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