Oral administration of synthetic porcine beta-defensin-2 improves growth performance and cecal microbial flora and down-regulates the expression of intestinal toll-like receptor-4 and inflammatory cytokines in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigeni

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiru Tang ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Baoshi Shi ◽  
Huang Deng ◽  
Xin Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4

Protective effects of taurine on growth performance and intestinal epithelial barrier function in weaned piglets challenged without or with lipopolysaccharide

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiru Tang ◽  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Jinlong Li ◽  
Weizhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Mucosal Membrane ◽  
Small Intestinal

We evaluated whether weaned piglets were protected from bacterial endotoxins by placing the animals on a taurine-supplemented diet. A total of 40 weaned Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (5.75 ± 0.58 kg, weaned at 21 days) were allocated to four groups with 10 barrows per group, following a 2 × 2 factorial design with two inclusion levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (no or one time peritoneal injection by the dose of 100 µg/kg bodyweight on Day 7 of the trial) and two inclusion levels of dietary taurine (no or 0.1% taurine in a basal diet in the whole trial). There was a significant interaction between LPS and taurine with regard to growth and small intestinal mucosal membrane integrity, morphology, immune parameters, and antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). Feed conversion, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, villus height, and the villus to crypt ratio, vascular endothelial growth factor, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma, trefoil factor-3, transforming growth factor β-1 expression, number of goblet cells and the least amount of claudin-1, occludin, zonula occludens-1, serum glutathione peroxidase, nitrogen oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and total antioxidant was lowest in LPS-challenged animals. Furthermore, animals in the LPS group had the highest serum diamine oxidase concentration, number of lymphocytes, concentrations of calprotectin, sIgA, toll-like receptor-4, mRNA levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, toll-like receptor-4, and tumour necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05). These data suggested that the peritoneal injection administration of LPS decreased growth performance and disrupted small intestinal mucosal membrane integrity and triggered an inflammatory response in the small intestinal mucosal membrane. Dietary administration of taurine improved growth performance, increased small intestinal villus height, stimulated immune and antioxidant function and improved small intestinal mucosal membrane integrity in weaned piglets challenged without or with LPS (P < 0.05). The beneficial effects of taurine were likely due to decreased stimulation of the immune response to LPS and an improvement in intestinal epithelial barrier function. Dietary administration of taurine could prevent weaned piglets from intestinal damage by LPS of Gram-negative bacteria.

Toll‐like receptor 4 polymorphisms were associated with low serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines in BCG osteitis survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Korppi ◽  
Johanna Teräsjärvi ◽  
Eero Lauhkonen ◽  
Heini Huhtala ◽  
Kirsi Nuolivirta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Low Serum ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin B6 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gene expression in weaned piglets that are fed a low-protein diet1

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanmei Yin ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Huiru Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Yi ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Vitamin B6 (VB6), which is an essential functional substance for biosome, plays an irreplaceable role in animal health. However, there are few studies that focus on the correlation between VB6 and intestinal health in weaned piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of VB6 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and inflammatory cytokines and amino acid (AA) transporters mRNA expression in weaned piglets that are fed a low crude-protein (CP, 18%) diet. Eighteen crossbred piglets with initial body weights of 7.03 ± 0.17 kg (means ± SEM), weaned at 21-d age, were randomly assigned three diets with 0, 4, and 7 mg/kg VB6 supplementation, respectively. The experimental period lasted 14 days. Our results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance, diarrhea rate, and biochemical parameters among the three treatments. In the jejunum, dietary VB6 supplementation did not affect the morphology and positive Ki67 counts. Dietary supplementation with 4 mg/kg VB6 decreased the mRNA expression of COX-2, IL-10, and TGF-β (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 7 mg/kg VB6 increased the mRNA expression of SLC7A1, SLC7A6, SLC16A14, and SLC38A5 (P &lt; 0.05) and 4 or 7 mg/kg VB6 decreased SLC36A1 mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.05). In the ileum, VB6 supplementation did not affect positive Ki67 counts but significantly decreased villus area (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to decrease villus height (P = 0.093). Dietary supplementation with 4 mg/kg VB6 had significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-10, and TGF-β (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 4 or 7 mg/kg VB6 had significantly decreased SLC6A20, SLC7A1, SLC7A6, SLC16A14, and SLC38A5 mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of VB6 mainly down-regulated inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated AA transporters mRNA expression in jejunum, while up-regulated (4 mg/kg) inflammatory cytokines and down-regulated AA transporters mRNA expression in ileum, which may provide a reference for the intestinal development of weaned piglets that are fed a low-CP diet.

Effects of local lipopolysaccharide administration on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in uterus and oviduct of rabbit does

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Olimpia Barbato ◽  
Iulia Elena Filipescu ◽  
Giovanna Traina ◽  
Leonardo Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

scholarly journals TAK-242, an Antagonist for Toll-like Receptor 4, Protects against Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Hua ◽  
Huiling Tang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Megan C Prunty ◽  
Xiaodong Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and is a potential target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This experiment is to evaluate the effect of an exogenous TLR4 antagonist, TAK-242, against acute cerebral I/R injury. A mouse model of cerebral I/R was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. TAK-242 (3 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after ischemia. Our results showed that the concentration of TAK-242 in plasma increased to 52.0 ng/mL 3 hours after injection, was maintained at 54.1 ng/mL 8 hours after injection, and decreased to 22.6 ng/mL 24 hours after injection. The concentration of TAK-242 in brain tissue increased to 26.1 ng/mL in ischemic hemisphere and 14.2 ng/mL in nonischemic hemisphere 3 hours after injection, and was maintained at the similar levels 24 hours after injection. We found that TAK-242 significantly reduced cerebral infarction compared with vehicle control, improved neurologic function, inhibited the phosphorylation of downstream protein kinases in TLR4 signaling pathway, and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines. We conclude that TAK-242 is able to cross blood-brain barrier, blocks TLR4 signaling, mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and protects the brain from acute damage induced by I/R.

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