Roles of Income Polarization, Income Inequality and Ethnic Fractionalization in Social Conflicts: An Empirical Study of Indonesian Provinces, 2002–2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra ◽  
Suahasil Nazara ◽  
Djoni Hartono ◽  
Sudarno Sumarto
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Income Polarization

Economic polarization in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polarization Process ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Income Polarization

The aim of this article is the evaluation whether social and economic policy implemented after the Polish accession to the European Union led to a reduction in income disparities of households in Poland. Variations of those disparities were analyzed by assessing changes in the degree of economic polarization. In addition, changes in income inequality were evaluated. Analyses of changes in the degree of income polarization and income inequality of households in Poland were carried out for the years 2000—2014. In the analysis of the polarization process polarization indices were applied and changes in income inequality were analyzed using inequality coefficients.

scholarly journals Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ileGelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Literatür İncelemesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Yeter Kaplan ◽  
Munise Tuba Aktaş
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

In the literature, it is possible to come across studies examining the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income inequality. In this study, a literature review has been conducted in order to better consideration the effect of FDI on income inequality. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to reveal the effect of FDI on income inequality within the framework of theoretical approaches based on empirical study findings. In addition, the study aims to contribute to the debates on the effects of foreign direct investment on income inequality. The findings of the studies on the relationship between FDI and income inequality shows differences. In some of the studies examined, there are findings supporting that FDI increases income and wage inequality. On the other hand, some other studies have found evidences that FDI reduces income inequality. Otherwise, there are also studies showing that FDI does not have a significant effect on income inequality.

scholarly journals Impact of Income Inequality on Urban Air Quality: A Game Theoretical and Empirical Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8546
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Joshua Shackman ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Income inequality and environmental pollution are of great concern in China. It is important to better understand whether the narrowing of income inequality and environmental improvement contradict each other. The study aims to investigate the linkage between income inequality and environmental pollution. To illustrate the interplay between different income groups on environmental issues, we apply a mixed-strategy game. Based on the game-theoretic analytical result, the probability of residents supporting clean energy and environmental protection decreases as income inequality widens and increases as inequality narrows. This empirical study is based on the proportion of coal consumption and urban air pollution data from 113 key environmental protection cities and regions in China. The air quality data are from the National Environmental Air Quality Monitoring Network published in the China Statistical Yearbook from 2014–2018. Convincing results show that regions with higher income inequality suffer severe smog and related pollution and that economies with narrow income disparity experience significant improvements in smog and pollution control, with the expansion of the proportion of clean energy use. The results also provide no evidence of the impact of per capita income on pollution. We studied the relationship between individuals of different wealth levels within an economy, within a repeated-game setting. The finding suggests that the distribution of growth impacts pollution. Imposing higher taxes on air polluters while transferring the revenue to the lower-income group is suggested.

Income polarization and inequality across countries: an empirical study

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhasree Seshanna ◽  
Stéphane Decornez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Income Polarization

Polarization

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faraz Riaz ◽  
Sofia Anwar ◽  
Samia Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Social Indicator ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Income Polarization ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Over Time

Polarization is an interesting additional social indicator for analyzing income inequality and poverty across countries, as it captures the phenomenon of ‘clustering around extreme poles'. Rising income polarization can be harmful since it is closely linked to poverty, social exclusion, social tension and social unrest. Present study emphasizes on the measurement of income polarization in Pakistan to determine the degree of this social conflict. Polarization is measured by the index provided in Bossert and Schwor (2006). Results are further decomposed over time to identify the major factors contributing to polarization in Pakistan. Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) and Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) surveys for the years 2001-02, 2004-05 and 2007-08 are utilized for the sake of empirical analysis. The results reveal that the polarization increased from 2001-02 to 2004-05 and then it decreased from 2004-05 to 2007-08.

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