Combined effects of ration levels and temperature on immune responses of the triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xiaobo Yu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Hyriopsis Cumingii

scholarly journals Changes in cellular immune responses of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) due to pyriproxyfen treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyedeh Kimia Mirhaghparast ◽  
Arash Zibaee ◽  
Hassan Hoda ◽  
Jalal Jalali Sendi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract The effects of pyriproxyfen were determined on the cellular immunity and phenoloxidase activity in the 4th instar larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker. The bioassay results revealed the effective concentrations of: 10L : 18C, 30L : 72C and 50L : 190C μg · ml−1. The sole effect of 18 and 72 μg · ml−1 concentrations at intervals of 1–3 h caused a higher number of total hemocytes in the treated larvae than the control, but the reverse results were observed after 6–24 h. The number of plasmatocytes was lower than that of the control for intervals of 3–24 h but the number of granulocytes was higher than the control after 1–3 h although no significant differences were observed at the other times. In the treated larvae, the activities of phenoloxidase were higher and lower than those of the control after 1–3 h and 6–24 h, respectively. The combined effects of pyriproxyfen and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana isolate B3 caused higher numbers of total hemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes in the treated larvae by use of the three concentrations of pyriproxyfen, at intervals of 6 and 12 h. Although the numbers of nodules in the larvae treated with concentrations of 18 μg · ml−1 were higher than those of other treatments, the overall numbers were lower than those of the control. Finally, the activity of phenoloxidase in the treated larvae was higher than that of the control, at intervals of 6 and 12 h post-treatment. Findings of the current study indicate an intervening role of pyriproxyfen in the cellular immunity of C. suppressalis to entomopathogenic objects.

Cadmium-induced cellular and immunological responses in Cyprinus carpio infected with the blood parasite, Sanguinicola inermis

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-M.M. Schuwerack ◽  
J.W. Lewis ◽  
D. Hoole
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Organ Specific

AbstractLittle is known about immune responses in teleosts as linked to the aetiology of pollutants and parasitic diseases and in particular their combined effects on the host. Cadmium(Cd)-mediated immunological responses in the thymus and pronephros of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio), experimentally infected with the blood parasite, Sanguinicola inermis (Trematoda: Sanguinicolidae) for 30 days followed by an exposure to 0.1 mg Cd2+ l−1 for 48 or 168 h were investigated. Differential organ-specific changes occurred in both organs examined. In carp exposed to Cd, intracelluar spaces, vacuolation in the eosinophils, dissociation of cell membranes together with the formation of concentric whorls occurred. The thymus of infected carp exposed to Cd had a granular cytosol which contained vesicles with electron-dense inclusions, swollen mitochondria with distended cristae and condensed nuclei in the erythrocytes. Cell counts on the two organs revealed a differential response to cadmium exposure in S. inermis infected carp compared to control infected fish. A significant increase in the neutrophil, eosinophil and thrombocyte components occurred in the thymus in contrast to a significant decrease in pronephric neutrophils. In addition, there was a differential blastogenesis response in infected and Cd-exposed infected carp fry exposed to cercarial antigens and the mitogens, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen.

scholarly journals The role of cytokines in the processes of adaptive integration of immune and neuroendocrine reactions of the human body

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
E. A. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Adaptive Integration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Brain

The immune, endocrine and nervous systems are integrated due to the existence of reciprocal pathways for transmitting information about changes in their actual functional state. The main task of the brain is to receive, integrate and store information, and there is strong evidence that this also applies to information obtained through the body’s immune responses. It has been proven that the production of cytokines in the brain can be caused not only by peripheral immune stimulation, but also by the nerve cells themselves, stimulated by certain neurosensory signals. Evolutionarily preserved antihomeostatic mechanisms characteristic of specific diseases are the subject of further research, the results of which may be very important for the development of therapeutic strategies that would prevent the undesirable combined effects of immune and neuroendocrine mediators.

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