The effects of high concentration of carbon dioxide on performance and tissue histology of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Casillas‐Hernández ◽  
Karla Janeth Arévalo‐Sainz ◽  
Jose Reyes Gonzalez‐Galaviz ◽  
María del Carmen Rodríguez‐Jaramillo ◽  
Rafael Apolinar Bórquez‐López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tissue Histology

Processing of coked Pt-Re/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with high-concentration ozone dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Gaydamaka ◽  
V. V. Timofeev ◽  
Yu. V. Guryev ◽  
D. A. Lemenovskiy ◽  
G. P. Brusova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Acute toxicity of carbon dioxide to juvenile marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931)

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plínio S. Furtado ◽  
Carlos A. P. Gaona ◽  
Fabiane P. Serra ◽  
Luis H. Poersch ◽  
Wilson Wasielesky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Marine Shrimp

scholarly journals High Concentration Oxygen and Hypercapnia in Respiratory Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Janine Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Administration ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Clinically Significant

<p>Oxygen-induced elevations in arterial carbon dioxide tension have been demonstrated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and acute lung injury. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) found an over two-fold increase in mortality in patients randomised to high concentration oxygen, compared to titrated oxygen. These findings support guideline recommendations for titration of oxygen therapy to a target oxygen saturation range, reducing the risks of hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia.   This thesis focuses on the potential implications of oxygen-induced elevations in carbon dioxide in the acute clinical setting. The reviews and studies in the following chapters are all aimed at addressing gaps in knowledge which may have practical implications for oxygen therapy and/or the identification of patients at risk of oxygen-induced hypercapnia in clinical practice.   Numerous studies have demonstrated that high concentration oxygen continues to be administered to acutely unwell patients, despite guideline recommendations for titrated therapy. The first study in this thesis is a clinical audit evaluating the effects of a staff education program, which included face-to-face and written training for ambulance staff. The education program was associated with reduced the rates of high concentration oxygen administration to patients with AECOPD. This suggests active education may increase adherence to oxygen guidelines among clinical staff.   The ability to avoid hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia during titrated oxygen therapy relies on appropriate lower and upper target oxygen saturation limits, which may be impacted on by pulse oximeter accuracy. The second study in this thesis is a multicentre observational study in which 400 paired pulse oximeter (SpO₂) and arterial blood gas saturation (SaO₂) values were collected in the hospital setting. A SpO₂ <92% had 100% sensitivity for detecting SaO₂<90%. This indicates guideline recommended target oxygen saturations of 92-96% adequately avoid hypoxaemia.  Two studies in OHS patients have investigated the effects of oxygen administration on carbon dioxide, however their designs, including recruitment of stable participants, have limited their generalisability to clinical practice. Therefore, a cross over RCT was conducted in 24 morbidly obese hospital inpatients, randomised to the order they received high concentration and titrated oxygen, each for 60 minutes. The mean change in the transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtCO₂) from baseline was 3.2 mmHg higher during high concentration oxygen, compared with titrated oxygen (P=0.002). This supports guideline recommendations to titrate oxygen in patients with obesity, regardless of whether they have a diagnosis of OHS or not.  The effects of oxygen in patients with bronchiectasis, neuromuscular disease or kyphoscoliosis are uncertain. Stable patients with these conditions were recruited to double-blind randomised cross over trials administering air and 50% oxygen, each for 30 minutes. A trial was also performed in stable COPD patients for comparison. There was no significant change in PtCO₂ with oxygen therapy in the neuromuscular disease/kyphoscoliosis patients. In the bronchiectasis and COPD patients, oxygen was associated with increased PtCO₂ from baseline compared to air, but the differences were not clinically significant (0.4 mmHg, P=0.012 and 1.3 mmHg, P<0.001, respectively). The lack of a clinically significant PtCO₂ increase in the COPD patients indicated the study findings were unlikely to be generalisable to the clinical setting, and highlights the potential limitations in applying data from stable participants to patients who require acute oxygen therapy.  These studies support current guideline recommendations for titrated oxygen therapy, provide insight into the limits of studying the effects of oxygen in stable participants, and demonstrate the utility of an educational program to aid the translation of research findings into relevant changes in clinical practice.</p>

scholarly journals Internal particulate matter pollution in educational building

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
K. Nowak-Dzieszko ◽  
T. Kisilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Change Intensity ◽  
Pm 10

The authors undertook research on the proper strategy of operation of educational building with gravitational ventilation in historic city center with high concentration of particulate matter PM10 and PM 2.5. In this facility the momentary increase in carbon dioxide concentration is often very high, and at the same time health requirements regarding atmospheric aerosol should be absolutely met. That is why long-term measurements of PM concentration outside and inside, as well as carbon dioxide concentration inside were carried out. CO2 was used also as a tracer gas for measurement of air change intensity. The article presents the first results of these tests and a correlation that occurs between the external and internal concentration of particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5. Due to a significant filtration effect of the external building envelope and particle deposition a potential conflict between required gravitational ventilation intensity and internal air pollution with particulate matters was partially reduced.

scholarly journals Evidence that Taste Buds are not Present on the Human Adult Uvula

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 456-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Ambro ◽  
Edmund A. Pribitkin ◽  
Linda Wysocki ◽  
Joseph G. Brand ◽  
William M. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Membrane Bound

We conducted a study to investigate whether taste buds are present on the human adult uvula. Our impetus was to determine whether surgical procedures that involve removal of the uvula can affect taste perception. Five human uvulae were removed via a modified carbon dioxide laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty in an outpatient office setting. The uvulae were serially sectioned and stained with a solution specific for membrane-bound calcium-modulated adenosine triphosphatase, a high concentration of which is found in taste receptors. Examination of the stained sections under light microscopy failed to show that any taste receptors were present in any of the uvulae. This finding suggests that the taste disturbances noted after surgical procedures involving removal of the uvula are not attributable to a loss of taste receptors.

The influence of aeration on the change in corrosiveness and aggressiveness of groundwater

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Siwiec ◽  
Magdalena M. Michel ◽  
Lidia Reczek ◽  
Piotr Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index

A high concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide disturbs many technological processes in water treatment. It also causes the development of corrosion in steel and concrete. De-acidification of groundwater by means of air bubbles alters pH and the concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide. This was investigated for the variables of air flow (Q = 20–50 L h−1) and height of water layer (H = 25–75 cm) as well as aeration time (t = 0–20 min). The obtained three-parameter models showed good correlation with the experimental results, except in a few cases where r2 was bigger than 0.9. Furthermore, they allow for prediction of an increase of pH and a decrease in concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide in aerated water. The effectiveness of de-acidification of groundwater was evaluated using indices of water stability (Langelier Saturation Index, Precipitation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Index of Aggressiveness). Although as a result of aeration an increase of pH over 7 was observed, the non-corrosive values of the indices were not reached. This was due to a very low alkalinity of water, which was 0.7 meq L−1.

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