Complex raw materials and the supply system: Mineralogical and geochemical study of the jade artefacts of the Longshan Culture (2400–2000 bce ) from Sujiacun site in coastal Shandong, China

This work focused on the study of decorated pottery dated back to the 16th century from the Roman archaeological site of Villa dei Quintili, a monumental complex located in the south-eastern part of Rome (Italy). A minero-petrographic and geochemical study was undertaken to analyse five archaeological samples in order to define textural features and raw materials used for their production, along with the chemical and physical composition of the superficial decorative glazed coatings. For this purpose, different analytical methods were used, such as polarising optical microscope (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron microprobe analysis coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EMPA-EDS). The results of such a multidisciplinary approach allowed us to achieve important results crucial to recognise the shards as majolica of the Renaissance period, improving knowledge about manufacturing processes of these renowned painted ceramic artefacts.

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Assessment of Clay Deposits Quality from East of Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq for some Ceramic Industries

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.54.2f.13ms-2021-12-30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (2F) ◽

pp. 145-161

Author(s):

Aveen Ali Surdashy ◽

Ahmed Mohammed Aqrawi

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Geochemical Study ◽

Ceramic Manufacturing ◽

Calcium Iron

For the assessment of clay deposits for brick manufacturing, seven clay samples from different locations were collected by channel sampling method from Injana, Mukdadiyah, Bai Hassan formations and Quaternary deposits in Bestana village, the study area is located east of Erbil city (NE Iraq). For ceramic manufacturing, the quality of clay should be measured according to some physical properties. The mineralogical and geochemical study revealed by using X-ray diffraction and chemical characteristics, which represented that all clay samples containing; kaolinite, smectite, illite, and chlorite with some mixed clay and non-clay mineral quartz, calcite, dolomite, and feldspar. The physical properties of clay samples including grain size analysis and Atterberg limits showed that the raw materials contain clay in high proportion, silt in medium proportion, and sand in minor proportion. Plasticity index of the studied samples showed that they are moderately plastic to plastic range. The geochemical analysis of the studied samples showed that the clay raw materials are composed mainly of silica and alumina, which act as refractory material in the ceramic industry. In addition to that, there are different proportions of calcium, iron oxides, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, which are flux oxides.

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Characterization of Tertiary Flints by geochemistry; application to the French territory

Lietuvos archeologija ◽

10.33918/25386514-046007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Lietuvos archeologija T. 46 ◽

pp. 191-206

Author(s):

Frédéric Surmely

Keyword(s):

Geographical Origin ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sedimentary Basins ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Archaeological Artifact ◽

Geochemical Study ◽

Geological Repository ◽

Geochemical Method

In present-day France, tertiary flints have played an important part in the supply of prehistoric populations, due to their abundance, quality and presence in areas without marine flint. From the Upper Paleolithic until the end of the use of flint, they were transported over far distances, especially in the center of the Central Massif. In this article the geochemical method is preferred for attributing of precise geographical origin to an archaeological artifact. To form the geological repository, a very large geographical field was taken, encompassing a large part of France, from the Marne county to the Gard county, and most of the major French sedimentary basins (Bassin Parisien, Cantal, Gard). The archaeological corpus includes pieces from sites of the Upper Paleolithic and the Epipaleolithic of Auvergne. The geochemical study does not provide a comprehensive answer to the question of the geographical origin of tertiary flints, but nevertheless allows for certain and significant advances in knowledge. Keywords: Flint raw materials, Palaeolithic age, Magdalenian, Raw materials, Geochemistry.

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Prospective of Provision of Dairy Products for the Population of Ukraine

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913501019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 01019

Author(s):

Anna Slobodianyk ◽

George Abuselidze

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Supply System ◽

Land Market ◽

Direct Relation ◽

Closed Cycle ◽

Family Farms ◽

Employment Level ◽

Livestock Population ◽

Level Production

The article covers the general theoretical regulations of supply of the population of Ukraine with the dairy products. The authors emphasize the matters of supply of material and technical recourses, achievement of just relations in supply system upon transfer of ownership along the walkway of raw materials and further of the ready product to customer. Purposefulness of application of the model of supply of the population of Ukraine with the dairy products developed by the authors is proved. The essence of this model consists in the closed cycle: production – sale - incomes – recourses market (and land market) – consumption – export – import – employment level – production. We reasoned direct relation of reduction of livestock population to rise of food price, when in the chain of production, processing and trade the incomes aggregate in the last stages of the chain and the initial goods producers sustain losses. The authors come to conclusion that creation of family farms will be successful providing that they integrate into cooperatives maintaining the closed cycle of production, processing and sale of ready products and as a result, the structural improvements will cause increase of profits and rise of employment of rural population.

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