Review article: unanswered clinical and research questions in autoimmune hepatitis-conclusions of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Research Workshop

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Dyson ◽  
Eleonora De Martin ◽  
George N. Dalekos ◽  
Joost P.H. Drenth ◽  
Johannes Herkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Research Workshop ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group

scholarly journals Socio-Spatial Research on Logistics and Its Impact on Urban Environment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
José A. López-Sánchez ◽  
Beltrán Roca
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Questions

This review article attempts to respond to the following research questions: how has evolved socio-spatial analysis on logistics, which are the most studied types of this economic activity, and the major impacts of logistics on urban space. This article draws on a systemized bibliometric analysis to identify the main tendencies in logistics' spatial study. It identifies four clusters of literature that put interest on different subtopics and approaches. The review reveals the current hegemony of applied research that focuses on sustainability, streamlining, and technology, mainly from the USA and China, despite research on globalization and industry. In fact, concerning the urban space, the most vivid academic discussion revolves around the location of warehousing and transport activity within cities. Finally, the article highlights the lack of critical perspectives on logistics and socio-spatial conflicts generated by logistics extension in mainstream academic literature. The analysis concludes that socio-spatial disputes related to logistics remain understudied and, consequently, further research should be conducted on this field.

Liver autoimmune serology: a consensus statement from the committee for autoimmune serology of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Vergani ◽  
Fernando Alvarez ◽  
Francesco B. Bianchi ◽  
Eduardo L.R. Cançado ◽  
Ian R. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group

Refracting exoticism in video representations of the victim-refugee: K’Naan, Angelina Jolie and research responsibilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Goheen Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
The Body ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Hollywood Film ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Refugee Claimants ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions

Media that makes use of the fixed, two-dimensional victim-refugee figure participates in a kind of exoticization of refugee-ed people by reading forced displacement exclusively through the lens of suffering. Yet the body of scholarship critiquing this media is susceptible to saying more about the scholars and their concerns than about the concerns of those whose experiences are being represented. This article returns to focus group research from 2009 when the author ran media discussion workshops with refugee activists, including both refugee and citizen participants. The workshop discussions focused on K’Naan’s hip hop video ‘Soobax’ and Hollywood film Beyond Borders. The research aimed to understand the pedagogical potential of textual and audio-visual narrations of refugee cultures but became an exercise in refracting the exoticization latent in the project’s research questions. One important outcome of this research was the different emphases in participant responses to the victim-refugee figure in the videos. Workshop participants with a refugee background iterated that, given the context of growing apathy and antipathy towards refugee claimants in Canada, the representation of refugees as suffering victims remains a useful and powerful intervention in public debates. The article finishes with some reflections on the implications of the research findings and on the responsibility of engaged scholarship for researchers in cultural refugee studies and humanitarian communication.

Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Hepatitis: Scores and More

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar W. Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Score ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Diagnostic Scores

The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is a clinical diagnosis that combines the patient's history, clinical examination, laboratory and serological markers and the results of a liver biopsy. As the clinical spectrum of autoimmune hepatitis is very wide, making the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult, especially in non-expert hands. Diagnostic scores can help in making the diagnosis, and the simplified diagnostic score of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group has a sensitivity and specificity of around 90% in the different populations that have been studied. Therefore, it can be very helpful in everyday use, but nonetheless for some patients the score is not good enough. Limitations are patients with very acute presentations as well as atypical cases. In such cases, a trial of monotherapy with steroids and quick tapering of the steroids is recommended. If the disease responds well to treatment, but recurs after tapering the steroids, the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is confirmed. In addition to its clinical use, diagnostic scores can also be helpful in defining the unified criteria in order to make scientific studies comparable.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Statistical Methods in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Oleson ◽  
Grant D. Brown ◽  
Ryan McCreery
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Bayesian Paradigm ◽  
Repeated Measures Data ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Complex Relationships

PurposeScientists in the speech, language, and hearing sciences rely on statistical analyses to help reveal complex relationships and patterns in the data collected from their research studies. However, data from studies in the fields of communication sciences and disorders rarely conform to the underlying assumptions of many traditional statistical methods. Fortunately, the field of statistics provides many mature statistical techniques that can be used to meet today's challenges involving complex studies of behavioral data from humans. In this review article, we highlight several techniques and general approaches with promising application to analyses in the speech and hearing sciences.MethodThe goal of this review article is to provide an overview of potentially underutilized statistical methods with promising application in the speech, language, and hearing sciences.ResultsWe offer suggestions to identify when alternative statistical approaches might be advantageous when analyzing proportion data and repeated measures data. We also introduce the Bayesian paradigm and statistical learning and offer suggestions for when a scientist might consider those methods.ConclusionModern statistical techniques provide more flexibility and enable scientists to ask more direct and informative research questions.

scholarly journals Autoimmune Hepatitis: Serum Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli ◽  
Giorgina Mieli-Vergani ◽  
Diego Vergani
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Smooth Muscle Antibody ◽  
Autoimmune Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Specific Autoantibody ◽  
Circulating Autoantibodies ◽  
International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group

AbstractCirculating autoantibodies are a key diagnostic tool in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), being positive in 95% of the cases if tested according to dedicated guidelines issued by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. They also allow the distinction between type 1 AIH, characterized by positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibody, and type 2 AIH, characterized by positive anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody. Anti-soluble liver antigen is the only AIH-specific autoantibody, and is found in 20–30% of both type 1 and type 2 AIH. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is frequently positive in type 1 AIH, being associated also with inflammatory bowel disease and with primary/autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis. The reference method for autoantibody testing remains indirect immunofluorescence on triple tissue (rodent liver, kidney and stomach), allowing both the detection of the majority of liver-relevant reactivities, including those autoantibodies whose molecular target antigens are unknown. Of note, the current knowledge of the clinical significance of autoantibodies relies on studies based on this technique. However, immunofluorescence requires trained laboratory personnel, is observer-dependent, and lacks standardization, leading to ongoing attempts at replacing this method with automated assays, the sensitivity, and specificity of which, however, require further studies before they can be used as a reliable alternative to immunofluorescence; currently, they may be used as complementary to immunofluorescence.

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