scholarly journals Systematic review: bile acids and intestinal inflammation-luminal aggressors or regulators of mucosal defence?

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavlidis ◽  
N. Powell ◽  
R. P. Vincent ◽  
D. Ehrlich ◽  
I. Bjarnason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Defence

scholarly journals AB0073 INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1067.1-1067
Author(s):  
S. Hecquet ◽  
P. Totoson ◽  
H. Martin ◽  
C. Prati ◽  
D. Wendling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Permeability Evaluation

Background:Growing evidence argue for a role of the gut in the pathophysiology of various chronic rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA). This so-called “gut-joint axis” involves dysbiosis, bacterial translocation, intestinal inflammation and increase in intestinal permeability. Recent data from clinical and basic research suggested that the integrity of the intestinal barrier might be a key determinant in translating autoimmunity to inflammation, making intestinal permeability a potential marker or a target for future therapies.Objectives:To analyse the available data on intestinal permeability in SpA patients and the effects of drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on intestinal permeability.Methods:A systematic review was conducted. Without date restriction, the following databases were searched through September 1, 2020: Medline, Embase and Cochrane. Studies with patients with SpA assessing the intestinal permeability were selected. Some of the included studies have assessed the effect of NSAIDs on intestinal permeability.Results:A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis. The 12 studies involved a total of 268 SpA patients, including 240 ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Among the studies included, four studies used the lactulose/mannitol test, four studies used the 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic test and two studies used the polyethylene glycols test. Nine of the 12 studies reported increased intestinal permeability regardless on the method used for intestinal permeability evaluation. Four studies evaluated the link between disease activity, assessed by CRP and ESR levels, and intestinal permeability and showed no correlation between increased intestinal permeability and markers of disease activity in AS patients. As regards the effects of NSAIDs on intestinal permeability, data are controversial. Two studies, including one evaluating indomethacin, did not show any influence of NSAIDs in AS patients, one study showed an increase in intestinal permeability under NSAIDs in only 60% of the patients, another study reported increased intestinal permeability. When comparing the effect of NSAIDs in patients with AS to healthy subjects, one study reported a comparable NSAIDs-induced increase in intestinal permeability in both groups.Conclusion:The results of our review suggest that increased intestinal permeability is present in SpA patients even in the absence of NSAIDs use and regardless of the method used to assess intestinal permeability. The effects of NSAIDs on intestinal permeability in SpA patients is more controversial and further studies are needed to clarify them.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Persistent intestinal abnormalities and symptoms in cystic fibrosis: The underpinning mechanisms impacting gut health and motility. Protocol for a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Marsh ◽  
C. Ng ◽  
G. Major ◽  
D.W. Rivett ◽  
A. Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Gut Motility

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are characterised by abnormalities of the intestinal tract relating to gut motility and physiological issues, with daily symptoms of disease including abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, and constipation. With improvements in respiratory outcomes, a shift in disease manifestations has highlighted the prevalence of the gastrointestinal-related problems associated with CF, yet most therapies currently in clinical use for the gut symptoms of CF have been repurposed from other disease indications and have not been developed with a knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning gastrointestinal disease in CF. Increased attention towards the role of intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in the CF population warrants a comprehensive knowledge of these aspects alongside the increased luminal fat content, dysmotility, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) resultant of the primary consequences of CFTR dysfunction (disrupted fluid secretion and pancreatic insufficiency), and how they contribute towards the intestinal complications of CF disease.Methods and Study DesignWe will conduct a systematic review to comprehensively address our current understanding of the primary consequences of CFTR dysfunction, and their subsequent secondary effects that contribute towards the disruption of gut motility, health, and associated symptoms in the CF intestine. Databases searched will include PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and the Cochrane library from 1939 until a specified date of last search, alongside clinical trial databases for ongoing studies. Search strategies will include various terminology that relates to the primary mechanistic defects of CF, postulated secondary effects of such defects, and symptoms experienced in patients. A full search strategy is outlined in appendix B. One reviewer will apply an inclusion criterion to obtained abstracts. Following agreement from a second reviewer, full-text articles will be sought, and data will be extracted from relevant articles. Disagreements will be resolved with a third reviewer. The quality of data will be assessed by the GRADE criteria. Data will be used to present a narrative, and where possible, quantitative synthesis.DiscussionThis systematic review will discuss our current understanding of the underpinning mechanisms of the persisting abnormalities in gut health and motility within CF, addressing potential intricate relationships that further contribute to disease progression within the intestinal tract. Furthermore, we will identify current gaps in the literature to propose directions for future research. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects in relation to intestinal abnormalities will aid future clinical directions.

scholarly journals Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naschla Gasaly ◽  
Paul de Vos ◽  
Marcela A. Hermoso
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolites ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.

scholarly journals Su1880 – Secondary Bile Acids Protect Against Intestinal Inflammation Via Bile Acid Tgr5 Receptor

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-647
Author(s):  
Sidhartha R. Sinha ◽  
Yeneneh Haileselassie ◽  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
carolina tropini ◽  
Laren S. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids
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