scholarly journals The Impact of Insufficient Effort Responding Detection Methods on Substantive Responses: Results from an Experiment Testing Parameter Invariance

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Breitsohl ◽  
Corinna Steidelmüller
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Testing Parameter ◽  
Parameter Invariance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Landsat Data for Change Detection Applications: 50 Years of Monitoring the Earth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2869
Author(s):  
MohammadAli Hemati ◽  
Mahdi Hasanlou ◽  
Masoud Mahdianpari ◽  
Fariba Mohammadimanesh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
The Impact

With uninterrupted space-based data collection since 1972, Landsat plays a key role in systematic monitoring of the Earth’s surface, enabled by an extensive and free, radiometrically consistent, global archive of imagery. Governments and international organizations rely on Landsat time series for monitoring and deriving a systematic understanding of the dynamics of the Earth’s surface at a spatial scale relevant to management, scientific inquiry, and policy development. In this study, we identify trends in Landsat-informed change detection studies by surveying 50 years of published applications, processing, and change detection methods. Specifically, a representative database was created resulting in 490 relevant journal articles derived from the Web of Science and Scopus. From these articles, we provide a review of recent developments, opportunities, and trends in Landsat change detection studies. The impact of the Landsat free and open data policy in 2008 is evident in the literature as a turning point in the number and nature of change detection studies. Based upon the search terms used and articles included, average number of Landsat images used in studies increased from 10 images before 2008 to 100,000 images in 2020. The 2008 opening of the Landsat archive resulted in a marked increase in the number of images used per study, typically providing the basis for the other trends in evidence. These key trends include an increase in automated processing, use of analysis-ready data (especially those with atmospheric correction), and use of cloud computing platforms, all over increasing large areas. The nature of change methods has evolved from representative bi-temporal pairs to time series of images capturing dynamics and trends, capable of revealing both gradual and abrupt changes. The result also revealed a greater use of nonparametric classifiers for Landsat change detection analysis. Landsat-9, to be launched in September 2021, in combination with the continued operation of Landsat-8 and integration with Sentinel-2, enhances opportunities for improved monitoring of change over increasingly larger areas with greater intra- and interannual frequency.

scholarly journals Screening for Melanoma and Other Skin Cancer Shows a Higher Early Melanoma Incidence: Social Educational Program “Life Fear-Free”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Lev Demidov ◽  
Igor Samoylenko ◽  
Nina Vand ◽  
Igor Utyashev ◽  
Irina Shubina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Skin Cancer Detection ◽  
The Impact

Background: The screening program Life Fear-Free (LFF) aimed at early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) was introduced in Samara, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, and Krasnodar (Russia) in 2019. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the program on early CM and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) detection. Methods: According to the social educational campaign, people were informed about CM risk factors and symptoms and were invited for skin examination. The program planned to involve 3200 participants in total. Participants with suspicious lesions were invited for excisional biopsy. Results: 3143 participants, including 75.4% women, were examined for skin lesions. The average age of the participants was 43.7 years. Mostly skin phototypes II and III were registered (48.2% and 41.0%, respectively); 3 patients had CM, 15 had basal cell carcinoma, and 1 had Bowen’s disease, which were confirmed histologically. All detected melanomas had Breslow’s thickness of 1 mm. Conclusion: The participants showed high interest in early skin cancer detection programs. The incidence rate of CM and NMSCs among the program participants was higher than in general public. The early disease grade was proven for the detected CMs and NMSCs. The study has shown that it is important to continue such programs.

A noise reduction method for semi-supervised community detection based on harmonic function

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 1850166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilin Fan ◽  
Kaiyuan Song ◽  
Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Semi-supervised community detection is an important research topic in the field of complex network, which incorporates prior knowledge and topology to guide the community detection process. However, most of the previous work ignores the impact of the noise from prior knowledge during the community detection process. This paper proposes a novel strategy to identify and remove the noise from prior knowledge based on harmonic function, so as to make use of prior knowledge more efficiently. Finally, this strategy is applied to three state-of-the-art semi-supervised community detection methods. A series of experiments on both real and artificial networks demonstrate that the accuracy of semi-supervised community detection approach can be further improved.

Magnetische Monopole in vereinheitlichten Eichtheorien

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-787
Author(s):  
Eckehard W. Mielke
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Empirical Success ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Magnetic North

Although refuted for a long time as a monstrosity, today’s concepts in elementary particle physics necessitate it on theoretical grounds: The existence of isolated elementary magnetic north- or south poles. If compared with a proton, the mass of such a monopole is estimated to be gigantic; comparable to that of an amoeba. Under the impact of the empirical success of unified gauge models, the search for monopoles has been steadily enforced with the aid of new detection methods.

Study of Contact Detect Response for PMR and HAMR Media Using the Integrated Thermistor Based Proximity Sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Murthy Peri ◽  
James Kiely ◽  
Manuel C. Anaya-Dufresne ◽  
Kent Bodurtha
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Contact Detection ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Interface Heat Transfer ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermistor Resistance

Abstract As the Hard Disk Drive industry migrates from PMR to HAMR technology, it is important to understand differences in the measurement of contact detection between PMR vs. HAMR media. Compared to PMR media, HAMR media tends to be rougher and has a higher thermal conductance. Since some contact detection methods rely on interface heat transfer, it is important to understand the impact of media type on measurements. In the current paper, we present results from mechanical spinstand studies using the integrated thermistor in the head. The heater in the head is dithered at a fixed frequency and the thermistor response is analyzed at that frequency. Changes in the thermistor resistance as a function of head-media clearance are used to understand how thermal conduction differences between PMR vs. HAMR media may impact contact detection. We find that heat conduction is different between HAMR and PMR media types and can have an impact on contact detection.

Impact of molecular testing on reported Clostridoides difficile infection rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulian Ilieş ◽  
James C. Benneyan ◽  
Tiago Barbieri Couto Jabur ◽  
Arthur W. Baker ◽  
Deverick J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Change Point Detection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Detection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Hospital

AbstractBackground:The reported incidence of Clostridoides difficile infection (CDI) has increased in recent years, partly due to broadening adoption of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) replacing enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods. Our aim was to quantify the impact of this switch on reported CDI rates using a large, multihospital, empirical dataset.Methods:We analyzed 9 years of retrospective CDI data (2009–2017) from 47 hospitals in the southeastern United States; 37 hospitals switched to NAAT during this period, including 24 with sufficient pre- and post-switch data for statistical analyses. Poisson regression was used to quantify the NAAT-over-EIA incidence rate ratio (IRR) at hospital and network levels while controlling for longitudinal trends, the proportion of intensive care unit patient days, changes in surveillance methodology, and previously detected infection cluster periods. We additionally used change-point detection methods to identify shifts in the mean and/or slope of hospital-level CDI rates, and we compared results to recorded switch dates.Results:For hospitals that transitioned to NAAT, average unadjusted CDI rates increased substantially after the test switch from 10.9 to 23.9 per 10,000 patient days. Individual hospital IRRs ranged from 0.75 to 5.47, with a network-wide IRR of 1.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.62–1.89). Reported CDI rates significantly changed 1.6 months on average after switching to NAAT testing (standard deviation, 1.9 months).Conclusion:Hospitals that switched from EIA to NAAT testing experienced an average postswitch increase of 75% in reported CDI rates after adjusting for other factors, and this increase was often gradual or delayed.

A survey on dairy heifer farm management practices in a Western-European plainland, the French Pays de la Loire region

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. LE COZLER ◽  
O. RECOURSÉ ◽  
E. GANCHE ◽  
D. GIRAUD ◽  
J. DANEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Herd Management ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Dairy Heifer ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYDespite practical information and applied results from numerous experimental studies and/or field observations, there is a persistent gap between scientific recommendations and on-farm reality. There are numerous published reports on the impact of dairy heifer herd management conditions on short-term, medium-term and long-term performances, but few studies on actual dairy heifer herd management practices – particularly in France. In an attempt to address this shortfall, a survey was conducted in 2010 on 449 herds located in the second largest dairy production region, the Pays de la Loire region (Western France). Economic-related aspects of heifer farming were not addressed. The essentially qualitative survey information was collected by 107 independent agricultural technologists. A quantitative analysis based on a small set of the most representative key production criteria was also conducted on a representative sub-sample of 286 herds. Mean herd size, at 46·6 cows per farm, and milk production, at 7953 kg milk/cow/lactation, were close to French national averages (47·3 cows per farm and 8109 kg milk/cow/lactation). The survey covered nine core themes and confirmed an all-round lack of precise monitoring on animal growth, as reported in earlier studies performed outside France. Most of the farmers surveyed considered animal weight a useful indicator for estimating growth performance. However, very few actually weighed their animals, despite the fact that 0·80 of the farmers surveyed aimed to calve their heifers before 30 months of age, with 0·55 of them setting a minimum calving weight target of at least 610 kg. Mean calf age at weaning was 2·9 months, but in practice this was >3·5 months in 0·31 of cases. Although farmers differ on certain practices, common core foci emerged: weight or age targets for pre-determined growth and development stages (at weaning or at service), recycling non-marketable milk for feeding young calves, essentially visual oestrus detection methods, and others. Based on the farmers’ declarations, the estimated time spent rearing a heifer from birth to calving ranges from 12 to 15 h per animal, with most farmers spending an estimated 0–2 h/day rearing their heifers. While almost two-thirds of farmers stated that rearing heifers was a necessity, 0·36 of this survey population claimed they enjoyed the work, whereas 0·02 of the farmers felt the work was purely a chore. Mirroring the conclusions from other countries, dairy heifer herd performances could be improved through better animal monitoring and management.

scholarly journals A Portable Automatic Endpoint Detection System for Amplicons of Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification on Microfluidic Compact Disk Platform

Sensors ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5376-5389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Uddin ◽  
Fatimah Ibrahim ◽  
Abkar Sayad ◽  
Aung Thiha ◽  
Koh Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Endpoint Detection ◽  
Compact Disk ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, many improvements have been made in foodborne pathogen detection methods to reduce the impact of food contamination. Several rapid methods have been developed with biosensor devices to improve the way of performing pathogen detection. This paper presents an automated endpoint detection system for amplicons generated by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic compact disk platform. The developed detection system utilizes a monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) emitter for excitation of fluorescent labeled LAMP amplicons and a color sensor to detect the emitted florescence from target. Then it processes the sensor output and displays the detection results on liquid crystal display (LCD). The sensitivity test has been performed with detection limit up to 2.5 × 10−3 ng/µL with different DNA concentrations of Salmonella bacteria. This system allows a rapid and automatic endpoint detection which could lead to the development of a point-of-care diagnosis device for foodborne pathogens detection in a resource-limited environment.

Careless Responding in Surveys: Detection Methods and the Impact of Screening on Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-364
Author(s):  
Won-woo Park ◽  
Sung Hyuck Mah ◽  
Su hyun Bae ◽  
Seon Young Ji ◽  
Yoo Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
The Impact
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