Human Skin Microbiota in Health and Disease

Apmis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Bay ◽  
Hans Christian Ring
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Bay ◽  
Christopher James Barnes ◽  
Blaine Gabriel Fritz ◽  
Jonathan Thorsen ◽  
Marlene Elise Møller Restrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Human skin microbiota has been described as a “microbial fingerprint” due to observed differences between individuals. Current understanding of the cutaneous microbiota is based on sampling the outermost layers of the epidermis, while the microbiota in the remaining skin layers has not yet been fully characterized. Environmental conditions can vary drastically between the cutaneous compartments and give rise to unique communities. We demonstrate that the dermal microbiota is surprisingly similar among individuals and contains a specific subset of the epidermal microbiota. Variability in bacterial community composition decreased significantly from the epidermal to the dermal compartment but was similar among anatomic locations (hip and knee). The composition of the epidermal microbiota was more strongly affected by environmental factors than that of the dermal community. These results indicate a well-conserved dermal community that is functionally distinct from the epidermal community, challenging the current dogma. Future studies in cutaneous disorders and chronic infections may benefit by focusing on the dermal microbiota as a persistent microbial community. IMPORTANCE Human skin microbiota is thought to be unique according to the individual's lifestyle and genetic predisposition. This is true for the epidermal microbiota, while our findings demonstrate that the dermal microbiota is universal between healthy individuals. The preserved dermal microbial community is compositionally unique and functionally distinct to the specific environment in the depth of human skin. It is expected to have direct contact with the immune response of the human host, and research in the communication between host and microbiota should be targeted to this cutaneous compartment. This novel insight into specific microbial adaptation can be used advantageously in the research of chronic disorders and infections of the skin. It can enlighten the alteration between health and disease to the benefit of patients suffering from long-lasting socioeconomic illnesses.

scholarly journals Challenges in exploring and manipulating the human skin microbiome

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Boxberger ◽  
Valérie Cenizo ◽  
Nadim Cassir ◽  
Bernard La Scola
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

AbstractThe skin is the exterior interface of the human body with the environment. Despite its harsh physical landscape, the skin is colonized by diverse commensal microbes. In this review, we discuss recent insights into skin microbial populations, including their composition and role in health and disease and their modulation by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with a focus on the pathobiological basis of skin aging. We also describe the most recent tools for investigating the skin microbiota composition and microbe-skin relationships and perspectives regarding the challenges of skin microbiome manipulation.

scholarly journals Functions of the skin microbiota in health and disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Sanford ◽  
Richard L. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Skin microbiota: Microbial community structure and its potential association with health and disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rosenthal ◽  
Deborah Goldberg ◽  
Allison Aiello ◽  
Elaine Larson ◽  
Betsy Foxman
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Leprous lesion reveals disturbed skin-resident microbiota

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Silva ◽  
Patrícia Costa ◽  
Mariana Reis ◽  
Marcelo Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that remains a major challenge to public health in endemic countries. Increasing evidence has highlighted the importance of microbiota for human general health and, as such, the study of skin microbiota is of interest. But while studies are continuously revealing the complexity of human skin microbiota, the microbiota of leprous cutaneous lesions has not yet been characterized. Here we used Sanger and massively parallel SSU rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbiota of leprous lesions, and studied how it differs from the bacterial skin composition of healthy individuals previously described in the literature. Taxonomic analysis of leprous lesions revealed main four phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, with Proteobacteria presenting the highest diversity. There were considerable differences in the distribution of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, with the first two phyla enriched and the other markedly diminished in the leprous lesions, when compared with healthy skin. Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus, resident and abundant in healthy skin, were underrepresented in skin from leprous lesions. Most of the taxa found in skin from leprous lesions are not typical of human skin and potentially pathogenic, with the Bulkorderia, Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera being overrepresented. Our data suggest significant shifts of the microbiota with emergence and competitive advantage of potentially pathogenic bacteria over skin resident taxa.

scholarly journals A Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic modulates human skin microbiota composition in hair follicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (570) ◽  
pp. eaay5445
Author(s):  
Jan Claesen ◽  
Jennifer B. Spagnolo ◽  
Stephany Flores Ramos ◽  
Kenji L. Kurita ◽  
Allyson L. Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Individual Human

The composition of the skin microbiota varies widely among individuals when sampled at the same body site. A key question is which molecular factors determine strain-level variability within sub-ecosystems of the skin microbiota. Here, we used a genomics-guided approach to identify an antibacterial biosynthetic gene cluster in Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), a human skin commensal bacterium that is widely distributed across individuals and skin sites. Experimental characterization of this biosynthetic gene cluster resulted in identification of a new thiopeptide antibiotic, cutimycin. Analysis of individual human skin hair follicles revealed that cutimycin contributed to the ecology of the skin hair follicle microbiota and helped to reduce colonization of skin hair follicles by Staphylococcus species.

scholarly journals Comprehensive skin microbiome analysis reveals the uniqueness of human skin and evidence for phylosymbiosis within the class Mammalia

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (25) ◽  
pp. E5786-E5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Ross ◽  
Kirsten M. Müller ◽  
J. Scott Weese ◽  
Josh D. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota

Skin is the largest organ of the body and represents the primary physical barrier between mammals and their external environment, yet the factors that govern skin microbial community composition among mammals are poorly understood. The objective of this research was to generate a skin microbiota baseline for members of the class Mammalia, testing the effects of host species, geographic location, body region, and biological sex. Skin from the back, torso, and inner thighs of 177 nonhuman mammals was sampled, representing individuals from 38 species and 10 mammalian orders. Animals were sampled from farms, zoos, households, and the wild. The DNA extracts from all skin swabs were amplified by PCR and sequenced, targeting the V3-V4 regions of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes. Previously published skin microbiome data from 20 human participants, sampled and sequenced using an identical protocol to the nonhuman mammals, were included to make this a comprehensive analysis. Human skin microbial communities were distinct and significantly less diverse than all other sampled mammalian orders. The factor most strongly associated with microbial community data for all samples was whether the host was a human. Within nonhuman samples, host taxonomic order was the most significant factor influencing skin microbiota, followed by the geographic location of the habitat. By comparing the congruence between host phylogeny and microbial community dendrograms, we observed that Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) and Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) had significant congruence, providing evidence of phylosymbiosis between skin microbial communities and their hosts.

Detection of potentially novel bacterial components of the human skin microbiota using culture-independent molecular profiling

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Dekio ◽  
Hidenori Hayashi ◽  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Maki Kitahara ◽  
Takeji Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Culture Independent
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