Maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus infections in a population‐based pregnancy cohort study

Apmis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (12) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Barlinn ◽  
Susanne G. Dudman ◽  
Lill Trogstad ◽  
Moustafa Gibory ◽  
Fredrik Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infections

scholarly journals Maternal and child gluten intake and risk of type 1 diabetes: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai A Lund-Blix ◽  
German Tapia ◽  
Karl Mårild ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsaeter ◽  
Pål R Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother And Child

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo examine the association between maternal and child gluten intake and risk of type 1 diabetes in children.DESIGNPregnancy cohortSETTINGPopulation-based, nation-wide study in NorwayPARTICIPANTS86,306 children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study born from 1999 through 2009, followed to April 15, 2018.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESClinical type 1 diabetes, ascertained in a nation-wide childhood diabetes registry. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression for the exposures maternal gluten intake up to week 22 of pregnancy and child’s gluten intake when the child was 18 months old.RESULTSDuring a mean follow-up of 12.3 years (range 0.7-16.0), 346 children (0.4%) developed type 1 diabetes (incidence rate 32.6 per 100,000 person-years). The average gluten intake was 13.6 grams/day for mothers during pregnancy, and 8.8 grams/day for the child at 18 months of age. Maternal gluten intake in mid-pregnancy was not associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in the child (adjusted hazard ratio 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.43) per 10 grams/day increase in gluten intake). However, the child’s gluten intake at 18 months of age was associated with an increased risk of later developing type 1 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.01) per 10 grams/day increase in gluten intake).CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that the child’s gluten intake at 18 months of age, and not the maternal intake during pregnancy, could increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in the child.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPICA national prospective cohort study from Denmark found that a high maternal gluten intake during pregnancy could increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.001 to 1.72) per 10 grams/day increase in gluten intake). No studies have investigated the relation between the amount of gluten intake by both the mother during pregnancy and the child in early life and risk of developing type 1 diabetes in childhood.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSIn this prospective population-based pregnancy cohort with 86,306 children of whom 346 developed type 1 diabetes we found that the child’s gluten intake at 18 months of age was associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.01) per 10 grams/day increase in gluten intake). This study suggests that the child’s gluten intake at 18 months of age, and not the maternal intake during pregnancy, could increase the child’s risk of type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study of 20 000 Infants in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Puhakka ◽  
Maija Lappalainen ◽  
Tuula Lönnqvist ◽  
Riina Niemensivu ◽  
Päivi Lindahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Hearing Outcomes

In our population-based screening study, the burden of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection was low; the prevalence was only 0.2%, and neurodevelopmental, ophthalmological, and hearing outcomes in the CMV-positive infants did not differ from those of matched healthy controls at 18 months of age.

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