Study of termination of postprandial gastric contractions in humans, dogs andSuncus murinus: role of motilin- and ghrelin-induced strong contraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. e12933 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mikami ◽  
K. Ito ◽  
H. O. Diaz-Tartera ◽  
P. M. Hellström ◽  
E. Mochiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Contraction ◽  
Gastric Contractions

Role of the Gastric Pacesetter Potential Defined by Electrical Pacing

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Kelly ◽  
Richard C. La Force
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Electrical Pacing ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Gastric Contractions ◽  
Pacesetter Potential

This experiment substantiates the hypothesis that the gastric pacesetter potential sets the pace of gastric contractions. By pacing the gastric pacesetter potential with electrical stimuli during periods of spontaneous and pentagastrin-induced contractile activity, we also paced gastric contractions.

Role of stomach in regulation of activities of hypothalamic feeding centers

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Sharma ◽  
B. K. Anand ◽  
S. Dua ◽  
Baldev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Gastric Distention ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Gastric Contractions ◽  
Balloon System

Gastric distention was produced through a water-filled-balloon system and the electrical activity of the hypothalamic "satiety" and "feeding" centers were recorded electroencephalographically through stereotaxically implanted electrodes. Gastric distention leads to production of high voltage irregular waves and occasional spikes, selectively in the region of the satiety centers. Gastric hunger contractions do not change the electrical activity of either feeding or satiety centers. Glucagon does not produce any direct effect on the hypothalamic centers or stomach contractions. Later, when glucagon raises blood glucose and arteriovenous Δ-glucose, activity of satiety centers increases and gastric contractions are inhibited. After lesions of satiety centers, rise in blood glucose with glucagon does not inhibit gastric contractions. Therefore, the inhibition of gastric hunger contractions is a result of activation of satiety centers by increased glucose utilization.

Role of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine in the regulation of gastric contractions by motilin in dogs

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. G20-G28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Haga ◽  
A. Mizumoto ◽  
M. Satoh ◽  
E. Mochiki ◽  
F. Mizusawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Pretreatment Level ◽  
Gastric Contractions ◽  
Spontaneous Phase

It has been suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptors are involved in the control of phase III contractions in the stomach. We examined the effect of depletion of endogenous 5-HT by p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) on spontaneously and motilin-induced phase III contractions in conscious dogs, and the effect of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) in an isolated perfused dog stomach. Three-day treatment with pCPA significantly reduced plasma 5-HT concentration and 5-HT content in the stomach, and strongly suppressed the spontaneous and motilin-induced phase III contractions in the stomach. When spontaneous phase III contractions recovered in the stomach after a 3-day treatment, exogenous motilin induced typical phase III-like contractions, and the 5-HT content in the muscle layer was recovered to the normal pretreatment level. In the perfused stomach, 5,6-DHT decreased 5-HT content in the muscle layer alone and abolished motilin-induced contractions. In conclusion, endogenous 5-HT, probably in 5-HT neurons, plays an important role in the control of interdigestive phase III activity by motilin in the stomach.

scholarly journals Water-avoidance stress enhances gastric contractions in freely moving conscious rats: role of peripheral CRF receptors

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Nozu ◽  
Shima Kumei ◽  
Kaoru Takakusaki ◽  
Toshikatsu Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Gastric Contractions

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PHOSPHOCREATINE AND ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE IN MUSCULAR CONTRACTION

1953 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Bozler
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Energy Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Contracting Muscle ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Strong Contraction ◽  
Autocatalytic Process ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
Tension Curve

In the presence of 20 mM PC a strong contraction is produced in glycerol-extracted muscle fibers by ATP and AMP in concentrations as low as 10–6 M per liter. At low concentrations of nucleotide tension rises very slowly. This rise is interpreted as being due to absorption of nucleotide by the contractile elements. AMP gives an S-shaped tension curve, indicating that the conversion of AMP into ATP is an autocatalytic process. Tension is maintained in a contracted muscle even in PC solutions free of ATP. PC alone produces a contraction if applied within 5 minutes after ATP has been washed out from a contracting muscle. It is concluded from these results that PC is the substrate for the enzymatic activity of the contractile elements and that this activity depends on the presence of bound nucleotide which acts as an energy transfer mechanism. PC accelerates relaxation which is caused by ATP under certain conditions. In the presence of PC even very low concentrations of ATP can produce relaxation. A strong contraction can be produced under these conditions by the addition of Ca ions. These observations support the conclusion that relaxation depends on the rephosphorylation of nucleotide bound by the contractile elements.

scholarly journals The role of adrenoreceptors in the implementation of the stimulatory effect of serotonin on the gastric motor activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. M. Smirnov ◽  
D. S. Sveshnikov ◽  
A. V. Kuchuk ◽  
T. E. Kuznetsova ◽  
O. S. Raevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analog To Digital Converter ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Gastric Motor Activity ◽  
Gastric Contractions

Purpose of the study — study of the role of adrenoreceptors in the development of the stimulatory action of serotonin on the gastric motor activity.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on rats (27) of the Wistar line in the surgical stage of anesthesia. Electromyogram and hydrostatic pressure in the stomach cavity were recorded using a BioAmp ML132 amplifier (Adinstruments, Australia), an Maclab 8e analog-to-digital converter (Adinstruments, Australia), a Macintosh Performa 6400/180 computer, and Chart 4.2.3. program. Serotonin injected into the body to intact animals and against the background of separate and joint blockade of α- and β-adrenoreceptors.The results of the study. In experiments on rats established that the preliminary simultaneous blockade of α- and β- adrenoreceptors leads to an increase in the stimulatory effect of the stomach with the introduction of serotonin by 58%, blockade of α-adrenoreceptors only — by 62%, β-adrenoreceptor blockade — by 89%. In intact animals, the stimulatory eff ect of serotonin is only + 26%. Simultaneous blockade of α- and β-adrenoreceptors and blockade of α-adrenoreceptors only (without serotonin administration) did not aff ect the gastric motor activity of intact animals. Blockade only β-adrenoreceptors will lead to an increase in gastric contractions by 34%.Conclusion. Intact α- and β-adrenoreceptors inhibit the stimulatory eff ect of serotonin on gastric motor activity.

Mechanisms coordinating gastric and small intestinal MMC: role of extrinsic innervation rather than motilin

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. G800-G809 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Chung ◽  
O. Rotstein ◽  
G. R. Greenberg ◽  
N. E. Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Extrinsic Innervation ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intense Burst ◽  
Gastric Contractions

We have investigated the role of vagal and efferent adrenergic innervation coordinating the gastric and small intestinal migrating motor complexes (MMCs) after removal of the pylorus, duodenum, and upper jejunum in three dogs. The cervical vagus nerves were previously isolated in bilateral skin loops to permit reversible cooling blockade of the vagi. Pharmacological alpha- and beta-receptor blockade was accomplished by bolus intravenous injection of phentolamine and propranolol followed by intravenous infusion of the combined drugs. Gastric and upper jejunal MMC-like activity was initially absent after bowel resection but reappeared after 1-4 mo with the gastric and jejunal MMC-like activities coordinated as if the jejunum were the duodenum. Motilin peaks were absent. All gastric contractions were abolished by vagal blockade. Pharmacological adrenergic blockade immediately induced an intense burst of contractile and electrical activity in the stomach, which propagated to the distal ileum. This phase III-like burst was followed by ongoing intermittent bursts of contractile and electrical activity in the stomach and small intestine, lasting throughout the blockade, without further MMC-like activity. Vagal cooling blockade in combination with adrenergic blockade did not restore gastric MMC-like activity but abolished or decreased the number of gastric contractions, with the reappearance of the small intestinal MMC. Atropine boluses abolished all control and adrenergic blockade-induced stomach and small intestinal contractile and electrical activity. In conclusion, after duodenectomy, the gastric MMC-like activity that is reestablished and is coordinated with the small intestinal MMC is vagally dependent and cholinergic, but its cyclical nature requires adrenergic efferent pathways. Under these circumstances, coordination of the gastric and jejunal MMCs appears to require extrinsic innervation.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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