scholarly journals Review of childhood pain highlights the role of negative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 2148-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Alfven ◽  
S Grillner ◽  
E Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Pain

Persisting pain in childhood medical illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Martha Mherekumombe ◽  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Childhood Pain ◽  
Underlying Processes

Persistent pain in childhood and medical illness can be challenging to manage. The chapter has been revised to give a brief overview of the approach to pain management in some childhood diseases. Better understanding of the etiology of pain mechanisms guide the management of pain. In addition, an understanding of the pathophysiology of the underlying processes and utilizing a stepwise assessment and treatment approach is important. Discussion around the multifaceted approach to childhood pain management incorporating the understanding of the role and place of analgesics in managing these medical illnesses is outline. In addition, appropriate medication or analgesia prescription and the role of nonpharmacological approaches has been considered in this revision.

Cognitive styles and processes in paediatric pain

2013 ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbet Goubert ◽  
Laura E. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Child Disability ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Childhood Pain ◽  
Protective Behaviours

Chronic pain is prevalent in children and adolescents. The current chapter outlines an interpersonal perspective on child pain, demonstrating the central role of child and parent pain-related cognitions in the development and maintenance of chronic pain in childhood. Pain takes place within a social context: children’s expressions of pain (e.g. facial pain displays) are observed and decoded by others (parents), eliciting emotional and behavioural responses. Parents’ responses may impact child outcomes in two ways, directly by imposing activity limitations/encouraging activity engagement or indirectly through observational learning. Although personality and temperamental factors may predispose children and parents to perceive pain as more or less threatening to deal with, the model presented in this chapter focuses on proximal pain-related cognitive processes and associated behaviours that contribute to pain-related disability in children. Recent evidence suggests that perceptions of pain as highly threatening (i.e. catastrophizing) may lead to fearful reactions to pain, activity avoidant behaviours, and more disability. In parents, catastrophizing thoughts about child pain are associated with higher levels of child disability, with recent evidence implicating parent protective behaviours as a mediating mechanism.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Alpha-Effect, Current and Kinetic Helicities for Magnetically Driven Turbulence, and Solar Dynamo

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Gaetano Belvedere ◽  
V. V. Pipin ◽  
G. Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Convection Zone ◽  
Solar Surface ◽  
Momentum Transport ◽  
Angular Momentum Transport ◽  
Magnetic Buoyancy ◽  
Alpha Effect ◽  
Current Helicity

Extended AbstractRecent numerical simulations lead to the result that turbulence is much more magnetically driven than believed. In particular the role ofmagnetic buoyancyappears quite important for the generation ofα-effect and angular momentum transport (Brandenburg & Schmitt 1998). We present results obtained for a turbulence field driven by a (given) Lorentz force in a non-stratified but rotating convection zone. The main result confirms the numerical findings of Brandenburg & Schmitt that in the northern hemisphere theα-effect and the kinetic helicityℋkin= 〈u′ · rotu′〉 are positive (and negative in the northern hemisphere), this being just opposite to what occurs for the current helicityℋcurr= 〈j′ ·B′〉, which is negative in the northern hemisphere (and positive in the southern hemisphere). There has been an increasing number of papers presenting observations of current helicity at the solar surface, all showing that it isnegativein the northern hemisphere and positive in the southern hemisphere (see Rüdigeret al. 2000, also for a review).

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