scholarly journals First-time success with needle procedures was higher with a warm lidocaine and tetracaine patch than an eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine cream

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Cozzi ◽  
Fabio Borrometi ◽  
Franca Benini ◽  
Elena Neri ◽  
Francesca Rusalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Chromium Conglomerates from Cr(III) Dissolved in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Influence of Forced Convection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivvone Mejia-Caballero ◽  
Tu Le Manh ◽  
Jorge Ivan Aldana-Gonzalez ◽  
Elsa Miriam Arce-Estrada ◽  
Mario Romero-Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Theoretical Mechanism ◽  
First Time

Abstract Cr electrodeposition onto glassy carbon rotating disk electrode (GCRDE) was studied from Cr(III) dissolved in the choline chloride and ethylene glycol eutectic mixture (ethaline) under different GCRDE angular speeds, ω, at 343 K. The ethaline kinematic viscosity, ν= 0.17〖 cm〗^2 s^(-1), was estimated, for the first time, from potentiodynamic plots. Analisys of potentiostatic current density transients, j-t plots, recorded at different ω, was based on the Hyde et al. (J. Electroanal. Chem. 534 (2002) 13) model, jdc-fcon(t), complemented by a previous adsorption step, jad(t), and the residual water reduction, jWR(t), taking place on the growing surfaces of the Cr nuclei. Nucleation frequency and number density of active sites showed small dependence on ω; however, jWR(t) clearly depends on it. SEM, EDS and XPS techniques were used to characterize the Cr electrodeposited. Electrodeposits were formed by quasi-spherical conglomerates (ca. 50 and 200 nm diameter for 0 and 1500 rpm, respectively) of nanoparticles (sized less than 30 nm diameter, in both cases). Moreover, these electrodeposits were formed by chromium and oxygen and its content increases with ω. These nanoparticles exhibit a core-shell structure: Cr(0)@ Cr(OH)3@ Cr2O3 which is consistent with the theoretical mechanism used for the analysis of the j-t plots

The structure of Ce2Al3Ge4 refined for the first time from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Paul Tobash ◽  
Svilen Bobev
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Temperature Reaction ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Metal Flux ◽  
First Time

Single crystals of dicerium trialuminium tetragermanide, Ce2Al3Ge4, have been synthesized from a high-temperature reaction using an eutectic mixture of Al and Ge as a metal flux. Through single-crystal X-ray diffraction it was established that Ce2Al3Ge4 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group Cmce (No. 64) with the Ba2Cd3Bi4 structure type (Pearson code oC36). Five atoms compose the asymmetric unit, i.e. one Ce, two Al, and two Ge atoms, all in special positions with Wyckoff symbols 8f (Ce), 4a and 8e (Al), and 8e and 8f (Ge). The structure can be described as a three-dimensional network of Al and Ge atoms, with Ce atoms occupying the cavities of the framework.

Homogeneous polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in a bio-based dl-menthol/1-tetradecanol eutectic mixture by ATRP and RAFT polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 6827-6835
Author(s):  
Vanessa A. Pereira ◽  
Talita C. Rezende ◽  
Patrícia V. Mendonça ◽  
Jorge F. J. Coelho ◽  
Arménio C. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Homogeneous Polymerization

A bio-based eutectic mixture, composed of dl-menthol and 1-tetradecanol, was investigated for the first time as solvent for the homogeneous ATRP and RAFT polymerization of different hydrophobic monomers.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ni-Sn Alloys Electrodeposited from Choline Chloride-Based Ionic Liquids in Direct and Pulsed Current

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Patricia Rosoiu ◽  
Aida Ghiulnare Pantazi ◽  
Aurora Petica ◽  
Anca Cojocaru ◽  
Stefania Costovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
First Time

This work presents, for the first time, the electrodeposition of Ni-Sn alloys in pulse current, from deep eutectic solvents (choline chloride: ethylene glycol eutectic mixture). Additionally, in this study, we report a comparison of the electrodeposition methods known as pulse and direct current. The elemental composition of the films, evaluated from EDX, remained almost constant independently on the electrodeposition parameters. The XRD data revealed the presence of the NiSn metastable phase, which has been confirmed by DSC analysis. This phase shows a nanocrystalline structure with crystallite sizes between 12 and 20 nm. The use of pulse current electrodeposition method has led to an improvement of alloys’ mechanical properties. Moreover, by controlling the electrodeposition parameters, we succeeded in tuning the mechanical properties of the coatings prepared through the PC method. We showed that the hardness parameters exhibited by the Ni-Sn alloys are strongly dependent on their crystallite sizes.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
M. Rühle ◽  
J. Mayer ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
J. Bihr ◽  
W. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Filter ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fritz Haber ◽  
Koehler Illumination ◽  
First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 956-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

A TEM investigation of a hyper-eutectic lead-tin alloy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
John A. Sutliff
Keyword(s):  
Volume Diffusion ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Discontinuous Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Controlled Precipitation

Near-eutectic Pb-Sn alloys are important solders used by the electronics industry. In these solders, the eutectic mixture, which solidifies last, is the important microstructural consituent. The orientation relation (OR) between the eutectic phases has previously been determined for directionally solidified (DS) eutectic alloys using x-ray diffraction or electron chanelling techniques. In the present investigation the microstructure of a conventionally cast, hyper-eutectic Pb-Sn alloy was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the OR between the eutectic phases was determined by electron diffraction. Precipitates of Sn in Pb were also observed and the OR determined. The same OR was found in both the eutectic and precipitation reacted materials. While the precipitation of Sn in Pb was previously shown to occur by a discontinuous precipitation reaction,3 the present work confirms a recent finding that volume diffusion controlled precipitation can also occur.Samples that are representative of the solder's cast microstructure are difficult to prepare for TEM because the alloy is multiphase and the phases are soft.

A microscopic marker experiment study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Al alloy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
Shou-kong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
First Time

Transmission and analytical electron microscopic studies of scale microstructures and microscopic marker experiments have been carried out in order to determine the transport mechanism in the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy. According to the classical theory, the oxidation of nickel takes place by transport of Ni cations across the scale forming new oxide at the scale/gas interface. Any markers deposited on the Ni surface are expected to remain at the scale/metal interface after oxidation. This investigation using TEM transverse section techniques and deposited microscopic markers shows a different result,which indicates that a considerable amount of oxygen was transported inward. This is the first time that such fine-scale markers have been coupled with high resolution characterization instruments such as TEM/STEM to provide detailed information about evolution of oxide scale microstructure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document