Pneumococcal vaccinations effectively prevent blood culture-negative infections that resemble occult pneumococcal bacteraemia or bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia at one to 36 months of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neea Laaksonen ◽  
Lilja Rintamäki ◽  
Matti Korppi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumococcal Bacteraemia ◽  
Culture Negative

scholarly journals Predictive and prognostic factors in patients with blood-culture-positive community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanel Amaro ◽  
Adamantia Liapikou ◽  
Catia Cilloniz ◽  
Albert Gabarrus ◽  
Francesc Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

In patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the risk factors for bacteraemia and its impact on outcomes are not fully elucidated. We aimed to compare characteristics of patients with blood-culture-positiveversusblood-culture-negative pneumococcal CAP, and to characterise bacteraemic serotypes.We describe a prospective, observational study on nonimmunocompromised patients with pneumococcal CAP, from 1996 to 2013. We define severe pneumonia according to American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines.Of a total of 917 patients with pneumococcal CAP, 362 had blood-culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia (BCPPP; 39%). High C-reactive protein (CRP) (≥20 mg·dL−1) (odds ratio (OR) 2.36, 95% CI 1.45–3.85), pleural effusion (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.13–3.65) and multilobar involvement (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.02–2.79) were independently associated with bacteraemic CAP, while nursing home resident (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01–1.00) was found as a protective factor. Despite the clinical differences, BCPPP showed similar outcomes to blood-culture-negative pneumococcal pneumonia (BCNPP). 14% of the serotypes (period 2006–2013) causing bacteraemia are included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PVC7, 74% in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PVC13 and 83% in pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23.Pleural effusion, a high level of CRP and multilobar involvement predicted an increased risk of BCPPP. Although BCPPP patients were more severely ill at admission, mortality was not significantly greater than in BCNPP patients.

Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis: a worse outcome? Results from a large multicentre retrospective Spanish cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Roberto Suardi ◽  
Arístides de Alarcón ◽  
María Victoria García ◽  
Antonio Plata Ciezar ◽  
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Spanish Cohort

scholarly journals Ehrlichia species as possible causative agents of blood culture-negative endocarditis

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Brouqui ◽  
Didier Raoult ◽  
Jean Marc Durand
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Culture Negative

Neurodevelopmental outcomes following neonatal late-onset sepsis and blood culture-negative conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-320664
Author(s):  
Sagori Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Karen M Puopolo ◽  
Nellie I Hansen ◽  
Scott A Lorch ◽  
Sara B DeMauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Culture Negative

ObjectiveDetermine risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) versus late-onset, antibiotic-treated, blood culture-negative conditions (LOCNC).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting24 neonatal centres.PatientsInfants born 1/1/2006–31/12/2014, at 22–26 weeks gestation, with birth weight 401–1000 g and surviving >7 days were included. Infants with early-onset sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, intestinal perforation or both LOS and LOCNC were excluded.ExposuresLOS and LOCNC were defined as antibiotic administration for ≥5 days with and without a positive blood/cerebrospinal fluid culture, respectively. Infants with these diagnoses were also compared with infants with neither condition.OutcomesDeath or NDI was assessed at 18–26 months corrected age follow-up. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks adjusting for covariates occurring ≤7 days of age.ResultsOf 7354 eligible infants, 3940 met inclusion criteria: 786 (20%) with LOS, 1601 (41%) with LOCNC and 1553 (39%) with neither. Infants with LOS had higher adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for death/NDI (1.14 (1.05 to 1.25)) and death before follow-up (1.71 (1.44 to 2.03)) than those with LOCNC. Among survivors, risk for NDI did not differ between the two groups (0.99 (0.86 to 1.13)) but was higher for LOCNC infants (1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)) compared with unaffected infants.ConclusionsInfants with LOS had higher risk of death, but not NDI, compared with infants with LOCNC. Surviving infants with LOCNC had higher risk of NDI compared with unaffected infants. Improving outcomes for infants with LOCNC requires study of the underlying conditions and the potential impact of antibiotic exposure.

scholarly journals Indirect Effects of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Adult Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Rural Western Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2177-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey M Bigogo ◽  
Allan Audi ◽  
Joshua Auko ◽  
George O Aol ◽  
Benjamin J Ochieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Background Data on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) indirect effects in low-income countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden are limited. We examined adult pneumococcal pneumonia incidence before and after PCV introduction in Kenya in 2011. Methods From 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2016, we conducted surveillance for acute respiratory infection (ARI) among ~12 000 adults (≥18 years) in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is ~17%. ARI cases (cough or difficulty breathing or chest pain, plus temperature ≥38.0°C or oxygen saturation <90%) presenting to a clinic underwent blood culture and pneumococcal urine antigen testing (UAT). We calculated ARI incidence and adjusted for healthcare seeking. The proportion of ARI cases with pneumococcus detected among those with complete testing (blood culture and UAT) was multiplied by adjusted ARI incidence to estimate pneumococcal pneumonia incidence. Results Pre-PCV (2008–2010) crude and adjusted ARI incidences were 3.14 and 5.30/100 person-years-observation (pyo), respectively. Among ARI cases, 39.0% (340/872) had both blood culture and UAT; 21.2% (72/340) had pneumococcus detected, yielding a baseline pneumococcal pneumonia incidence of 1.12/100 pyo (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.3). In each post-PCV year (2012–2016), the incidence was significantly lower than baseline; with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.31–0.61) in 2012 and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.09–0.17) in 2016. Similar declines were observed in HIV-infected (IRR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.08–0.22) and HIV-uninfected (IRR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.05–0.20) adults. Conclusions Adult pneumococcal pneumonia declined in western Kenya following PCV introduction, likely reflecting vaccine indirect effects. Evidence of herd protection is critical for guiding PCV policy decisions in resource-constrained areas.

scholarly journals ShigellaBacteremia in a Patient with Visceral Leishmaniasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Rezika Mohammed ◽  
Yegnasew Takele ◽  
Desalegn Woldeyohannes ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
One Year ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Hiv Negative

Bacteremia due toShigellais rare. A 26-year-old HIV-negative male presented with a persistent high-grade fever of two months duration to the Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Hospital. He was anorexic and had lost significant weight (from 76 to 57 kg in 4 months, BMI = 17.2 kg/m2). He also complained of headache, chills, and rigor. In the last one year, he was experiencing a few episodes of acute bloody diarrhea, the last episode being two months ago. Microscopy from splenic aspiration showed Leishman-Donovan bodies with parasite load of +3. The blood culture showedShigellaspecies, but the stool was culture negative. The isolate was sensitive to most tested antibiotic discs, sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, tetracycline, and norfloxacilin, except ampicillin. Therefore, requesting blood culture for identifying unexpected type of organisms causing infections in patients with underlying diseases like visceral leishmaniasis should be encouraged.

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