scholarly journals Intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors, panretinal photocoagulation and combined treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Fallico ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Andrew Lotery ◽  
Antonio Longo ◽  
Vincenza Bonfiglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

scholarly journals A systematic review on the application of vascular endothelial growth factors in preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 9259-9266
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Meiying Ren ◽  
Xiaofang Bi ◽  
Yuhua Fu ◽  
Xuefen Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

scholarly journals Proteolytic Cleavages in the VEGF Family: Generating Diversity among Angiogenic VEGFs, Essential for the Activation of Lymphangiogenic VEGFs

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Jaana Künnapuu ◽  
Honey Bokharaie ◽  
Michael Jeltsch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Turn On ◽  
C And N ◽  
Proteolytic Cleavages ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

Specific proteolytic cleavages turn on, modify, or turn off the activity of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Proteolysis is most prominent among the lymph­angiogenic VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which are synthesized as precursors that need to undergo enzymatic removal of their C- and N-terminal propeptides before they can activate their receptors. At least five different proteases mediate the activating cleavage of VEGF-C: plasmin, ADAMTS3, prostate-specific antigen, cathepsin D, and thrombin. All of these proteases except for ADAMTS3 can also activate VEGF-D. Processing by different proteases results in distinct forms of the “mature” growth factors, which differ in affinity and receptor activation potential. The “default” VEGF-C-activating enzyme ADAMTS3 does not activate VEGF-D, and therefore, VEGF-C and VEGF-D do function in different contexts. VEGF-C itself is also regulated in different contexts by distinct proteases. During embryonic development, ADAMTS3 activates VEGF-C. The other activating proteases are likely important for non-developmental lymphangiogenesis during, e.g., tissue regeneration, inflammation, immune response, and pathological tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. The better we understand these events at the molecular level, the greater our chances of developing successful therapies targeting VEGF-C and VEGF-D for diseases involving the lymphatics such as lymphedema or cancer.

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