Global burden and gender disparity of vision loss associated with diabetes retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Xu ◽  
Aihong Wang ◽  
Xiling Lin ◽  
Jingya Xu ◽  
Yi Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Diabetes Retinopathy ◽  
And Gender

The pattern and gender disparity in global burden of age-related macular degeneration

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212092725
Author(s):  
Xiling Lin ◽  
Lixia Lou ◽  
Qi Miao ◽  
Yijie Wang ◽  
Kai Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Life Years ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To explore the trend patterns and gender disparity in global burden of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by year, age, and socioeconomic status using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. Methods: DALYs and impairment data caused by AMD were extracted from GBD Study 2017. World Bank income level (WBIL) and human development index (HDI) in 2017 were cited as indicators of socioeconomic status. The Gini coefficients and the concentration indexes were calculated to unveil trends in between-country inequality. The association between gender inequality and socioeconomic levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results: Total age-standardized DALYs of AMD showed a slightly descending pattern in recent years. However, gender disparity has existed since 1990 for almost three decades, with female being more heavily impacted. This pattern became more obvious with aging and varied among different WHO and WBIL regions. Meanwhile, female subjects tended to have higher vision impairments. Gini coefficients of AMD burden increased from 0.423 to 0.448, while the ones of female-to-male ratio fluctuated around 0.11 between 1990 and 2017, with concentration indexes changing from 0.024 to −0.057 and 0.046 to 0.029 respectively. Female-minus-male difference ( r = 0.1721, p = 0.0195) and female-to-male ratio ( r = 0.2072, p = 0.0048) of age-standardized DALYs rates were positively related to HDI. Conclusions: Though global AMD health care is progressing, gender imbalance in disease burden of AMD distribution barely improved. Gender sensitive health policy should be emphasized for the increasing elder population and relieving the higher AMD burden of females.

Burden of near vision loss in China: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319603
Author(s):  
Guangming Jin ◽  
Minjie Zou ◽  
Chi Liu ◽  
Aiming Chen ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Disease Study

PurposeTo investigate the burden of near vision loss (NVL) in China by year, age and gender from 1990 to 2019.MethodsWe used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study to report the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to NVL in China. Estimates of crude counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population are accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We summarised the age-specific and sex-specific patterns and trends regarding the burden of NVL in China, compared with seven neighbouring countries.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the all-age number and rate for NVL prevalence and DALYs increased significantly in China (all p<0.001). The age-standardised rate decreased from 7538.1 (95% UI 6946.3 to 8075.1) to 7392.9 (95% UI 6855.8 to 7890.5) per 100 000 population for NVL prevalence (p=0.107), and from 74.9 (95% UI 69.6 to 79.9) to 73.8 (95% UI 70.6 to 80.1) per 100 000 population for DALYs (p=0.388). Women had higher NVL prevalence (t=170.1, p<0.001) and DALYs (t=192.5, p<0.001) than men. Higher disease burden of NVL was observed in the middle-aged and elderly population. The age-standardised prevalence and DALY rate attributable to NVL in China were lower than in India, North Korea, Pakistan (all p<0.001), but higher than Russia, South Korea, Singapore and Japan (all p<0.001).ConclusionsDespite a small decrease in age-standardised prevalence and DALYs due to NVL in China in the past two decades, the existing burden is still considerable and significantly higher compared with neighbouring developed countries. An approach that includes all stakeholders is needed to further reduce this burden.

Determinants, Attitudes and Practices on Child Marriage: Evidences from Rural Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez E.P. ◽  
Amit Poonia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
And Gender

Rajasthan State is one of the hotspots of child marriages in India. A large number of children especially girl child get married before attaining the legal age and even before the occurrence of physical maturity. The magnitude of the age-old tradition has decreased in many regions in comparison to the last decade of 20th century. But still the diminishment of the child marriage is not promising and it exists as one of the major social concerns. The very existence of child marriage has multifaceted effects on the individuals who victimized for it. The glaring gender disparity and gender biased issues are also one of the products of early marriages.

ICT Is Not Gender Blind

2016 ◽  
pp. 174-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Alhaji Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Developed World

This chapter critically reviewed literature on gender disparity associated with access and usage of ICT, focusing on the less developed world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors used relevant online literature sourced from research databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier and Wiley Online Library. With the aid of graphical illustrations, the chapter aligned its argument with some critical global research findings regarding gender-based mobile phone and Internet usage and the concept of ICT and gender. The chapter concluded that ICT gender gap negatively affects the socio-economic development of women, and recommended that ICTs manufacturers should integrate gender-balanced software and hardware right at the time of production of the technologies.

scholarly journals Gender Disparity Among Cooperative Farmers in Accessing Agricultural Credits in Anambra State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Helen O. Nduka ◽  
Uche R. Ezeokafor ◽  
Gabriel E. Ekwere ◽  
Ikechukwu E. Ngoka
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up

Women have been the focus of gender disparity and this has been widely referred to the disparity faced by women in the field of agriculture. Agricultural credit is imperative for sustainable agricultural development in any country of the world. In order to substantiate the assertion, this study evaluated the issues of gender disparity in farmers’ access to agricultural credit among cooperative societies in Anambra north zone of Anambra State. Specific objectives were to ascertain the quantum of credit obtained and repaid by female and male members; determine the effect of gender on the quantum of credit obtained and repaid; ascertain critical factors influencing access to credit by cooperative members; determine how gender contributed to credit repayment behaviour of cooperative members and examine perception of members on gender-related issues in credit operations. ANOVA and regression models were used to test hypotheses 1-5. Findings revealed that male members obtained more credit than female members, and female members repay more than their male counterparts. Gender was not a significant determinant of credit obtained and repaid by cooperative members and gender issues in credit operation were handled among cooperative members. However, the researcher recommended that the issues of gender inequality should not be encouraged. Both males and females should have equal access to credit and repayment of credit operation; despite the membership strength, more members should be encouraged to join cooperative societies in order to access credit and repay accordingly and cooperative officers should set up friendly credit scheme to ensure a functional and effective credit access.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study capturing vision loss burden in Pakistan (1990-2025): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0216492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Hassan ◽  
Ramsha Ahmed ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
Zahid ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Comprehensive Study

scholarly journals Women are invisible?! A literature survey on gender gap and financial training

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Maryam Sholevar ◽  
Laurence Harris
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Training ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Financial Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

Most of the existing definitions and measurements of financial literacy have been tailored for developed countries. Although financial literacy and financial behaviour are usually assessed at the household level, the gender dimension of household agents is less explored which may overshadow the women’s low level of financial literacy. This paper is a selective systematic review aiming to survey the existing literature on financial training where the focus is on two main issues, namely, financial training and gender disparity in financial literacy. Based on a thorough literature review, we identify research gaps in each of these dimensions. The identified gaps are then used to formulate two promising research ideas. Specifically, the promising research ideas seek to investigate the gender disparity and propose a novel method for financial training.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document