scholarly journals A prospective cohort study of confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection during pregnancy evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in maternal and umbilical cord blood and SARS‐CoV‐2 in vaginal swabs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Milbak ◽  
Victoria M. F. Holten ◽  
Paul Bryde Axelsson ◽  
Jane Marie Bendix ◽  
Anna J. M. Aabakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

scholarly journals 976. Clostridium difficile Colonization Molecular Epidemiology and Anti-toxin Serological Responses in Healthy Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Larry Kociolek ◽  
Ciaran P Kelly ◽  
Robyn Espinosa ◽  
Maria Budz ◽  
Aakash Balaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Unrelated Cord Blood ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Infant C. difficile colonization is common, but the molecular epidemiology and immunologic consequences of colonization are poorly understood. Methods In this prospective cohort study of healthy infants, serial stools collected between 1–2 and 9–12 month olds were tested for glutamate dehydrogenase (detects nontoxigenic or toxigenic C. difficile [TCD]), tcdB PCR (detects TCD), and cultured for C. difficile. Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Clonal strains were identified by single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis. TCD was confirmed by BLAST identification of tcdA/tcdB. Serum collected at 9–12 month olds underwent ELISA for measurement of IgA, IgG, and IgM against TCD toxins A and B. For comparison, anti-toxin IgG was measured in cord blood of 50 consecutive full-term deliveries (unrelated to study infants). Arbitrary ELISA units were compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results Among 32 infants, 16 (50%) had at least one TCD+ stool, 12 of whom were colonized at least 1 m prior to serology measurements (Figures 1 and 2). A variety of STs were identified, and evidence of putative in-home (enrolled siblings) and outpatient clinic transmission was identified (Figure 3). Infants with TCD colonization had significantly greater levels of anti-toxin IgA and IgG compared with non-colonized infants and IgG compared with unrelated cord blood (Table 1). Conclusion Infant C. difficile colonization is a dynamic process with variable strain types and duration. Outpatient clinics may be a C. difficile reservoir for some patients. TCD colonization is associated with a humoral immune response against toxins A and B, but whether natural TCD immunization protects against CDI later in life requires further investigation. Disclosures L. Kociolek, Alere/Techlab: Investigator, Research support. C. P. Kelly, Actelion: Consultant, Consulting fee. Artugen: Consultant, Consulting fee. Facile: Consultant, Consulting fee. GSK: Consultant, Consulting fee. MSD: Consultant, Consulting fee. Seres: Consultant, Consulting fee. Summit: Consultant, Consulting fee. Vedanta: Consultant, Consulting fee. D. N. Gerding, Merck: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Actelion: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. DaVolterra: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Summit: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Rebiotix: Medical Officer and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Pfizer: Consultant, Consulting fee. MGB Pharma: Consultant, Consulting fee. sanofi pasteur: Consultant, Consulting fee. Seres: Investigator, Research grant. CDC: Investigator, Research grant. US Dept VA: Investigator, Research grant. Treatment/Prevention of C. difficile: Patent Holder, no license or royalties.

Spontaneous clearance of urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women, MSM and heterosexual men visiting the STI clinic: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve A F S van Liere ◽  
Christian J P A Hoebe ◽  
Jeanne AMC Dirks ◽  
Petra FG Wolffs ◽  
Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

ObjectiveChlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections can clear without treatment. Despite high prevalence of anorectal infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) and women, studies on anorectal clearance are scarce. Moreover it is unknown whether bacterial load affects urogenital/anorectal CT clearance. In this prospective cohort study, CT and NG clearance is assessed at three anatomical sites of men and women.MethodsCT-positive and NG-positive MSM, heterosexual men and women ≥18 years of age visiting our STI clinic between 2011 and 2013 underwent a repeat test when returning for treatment (n=482). The primary outcome was clearance, defined as a positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) at screening-consultation, followed by a negative NAAT at treatment-consultation. Sociodemographics, sexual risk behaviour and CT bacterial load (inhouse quantitative PCR) were tested as determinants for clearance using multivariable logistic regression for CT and Fisher’s exact test for NG.ResultsCT clearance was 9.1% (10/110) for urine, 6.8% (20/292) for vaginal swabs, 12.7% (8/63) for anorectal swabs (ie, 4.0% [1/25] in MSM and 18.4% [7/38] in women) and 57.1% (4/7) for oropharyngeal swabs. For NG this was 33.3% (2/6), 28.6% (2/7), 20.0% (2/10) and 27.3% (6/22), respectively. The number of days between tests (median 10, IQR 7–14) was not associated with clearance. Lower bacterial load at screening was the only predictor for CT clearance (urine mean 1.2 vs 2.6 log CT/mL, p=0.001; vaginal swabs mean 2.1 vs 5.2 log CT/mL p<0.0001; anorectal swabs mean 2.0 vs 3.7 log CT/mL, p=0.002). None of the tested determinants were associated with NG clearance.ConclusionsThis study reports the largest number of anorectal infections tested for CT and NG clearance to date. Clearance in all sample types was substantial: between 7% and 57% for CT, and between 20% and 33% for NG (notwithstanding low absolute numbers). CT clearance was associated with a lower load at screening. However, not all individuals with low bacterial CT load cleared the infection, hampering STI guideline change.

scholarly journals Umbilical cord blood androgen levels and ASD-related phenotypes at 12 and 36 months in an enriched risk cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Y. Park ◽  
Brian K. Lee ◽  
Igor Burstyn ◽  
Loni P. Tabb ◽  
Jeff A. Keelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Androgen Levels

Fetal Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Assessed by Maternal Self-reports and Cord Blood Cotinine: Prospective Cohort Study in Krakow

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Jedrychowski ◽  
Frederica Perera ◽  
Elzbieta Mroz ◽  
Susan Edwards ◽  
Elzbieta Flak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fetal Exposure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke

Hypercoiling of the umbilical cord in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Ma’ayeh ◽  
Evan McClennen ◽  
Dmitri Chamchad ◽  
Michael Geary ◽  
Norman Brest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Umbilical Coiling Index ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Background: The umbilical coiling index (UCI) is a measure of the number of coils in the umbilical cord in relation to its length. Hypercoiled cords with a UCI of >0.3 coils/cm have been associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. Aims: The primary aim is to determine the accuracy of UCI measured on second trimester ultrasound in predicting UCI at birth. The secondary outcome is to investigate the association between hypercoiling of the umbilical cord on prenatal ultrasound and adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Seventy two patients were included in the study. UCI was measured in the second trimester ultrasound, and compared to UCI measured postnatally. Outcomes of patients with hypercoiled cords on ultrasound were compared to outcomes of patients with normocoiled cords. Results: Our results failed to show a strong correlation between the UCI determined with ultrasound, and the UCI determined with examination of the umbilical cord after delivery. We also did not demonstrate that measurement of the UCI on second trimester ultrasound is able to predict adverse maternal, fetal or neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: This study suggests that measurement of the umbilical coiling index should not be part of routine second trimester sonography in patients with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, with no other medical or surgical comorbidities.

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