Effects of dietary silymarin (SM) supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism gene expression in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225-2234
Author(s):  
Chuanwei Yao ◽  
Wenxing Huang ◽  
Yongtao Liu ◽  
Zhaoyang Yin ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Larimichthys Crocea ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Metabolism Gene

Ghrelin regulates mitochondrial-lipid metabolism gene expression and tissue fat distribution in liver and skeletal muscle

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. E228-E235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Barazzoni ◽  
Alessandra Bosutti ◽  
Marco Stebel ◽  
Maria Rosa Cattin ◽  
Elena Roder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Metabolism Gene

Ghrelin is a gastric hormone increased during caloric restriction and fat depletion. A role of ghrelin in the regulation of lipid and energy metabolism is suggested by fat gain independent of changes in food intake during exogenous ghrelin administration in rodents. We investigated the potential effects of peripheral ghrelin administration (two times daily 200-ng sc injection for 4 days) on triglyceride content and mitochondrial and lipid metabolism gene expression in rat liver and muscles. Compared with vehicle, ghrelin increased body weight but not food intake and circulating insulin. In liver, ghrelin induced a lipogenic and glucogenic pattern of gene expression and increased triglyceride content while reducing activated (phosphorylated) stimulator of fatty acid oxidation, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, all P < 0.05), with unchanged mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activities. In contrast, triglyceride content was reduced ( P < 0.05) after ghrelin administration in mixed (gastrocnemius) and unchanged in oxidative (soleus) muscle. In mixed muscle, ghrelin increased ( P < 0.05) mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activities independent of changes in expression of fat metabolism genes and phosphorylated AMPK. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, the activation of which reduces muscle fat content, was selectively increased in mixed muscle where it paralleled changes in oxidative capacities ( P < 0.05). Thus ghrelin induces tissue-specific changes in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism gene expression and favors triglyceride deposition in liver over skeletal muscle. These novel effects of ghrelin in the regulation of lean tissue fat distribution and metabolism could contribute to metabolic adaptation to caloric restriction and loss of body fat.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression And Cellularity of Intramuscular Adipocytes Within The Longissimus Muscle of Angus- And Wagyu-Sired Cattle When Raised To A Similar Age or Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerad Jaborek ◽  
Francis Fluharty ◽  
Kichoon Lee ◽  
Henry Zerby ◽  
Alejandro Relling
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽  
Metabolism Gene

Abstract Background: This study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development and growth in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (DOF) endpoint or similar body weight (BW) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism gene expression. Methods: Angus-sired steers (AN, n=6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires, selected for either growth or marbling, to be compared at a similar DOF (WA-GD, n=5 and WA-MD, n=5) in experiment 1 or BW (WA-GB, n=4 and WA-MB, n=5) in experiment 2, respectively. Results: In experiment 1, WA-MD steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In experiment 2, WA-MB steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age and BW increased (P≤0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar age and BW (P≤0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction). An earlier upregulation of PPARd is believed to have then upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P=0.09; treatment×biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P≤0.04) overall mean PPARg expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P<0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. With many lipolytic genes upregulated at harvest, acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta may be inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in the LM to allow greater IM fat accumulation.Conclusions: Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a lesser maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds in lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.

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