Determination of dietary phosphorus requirement of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis based on feed conversion, growth, vertebrae phosphorus, whole body phosphorus, haematology and antioxidant status

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1577-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zafar ◽  
M.A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement

Antecubital Vein Cannula Position Impacts Assessment of Forearm Glucose Uptake During an Oral Glucose Challenge in Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Bétry ◽  
Aline V. Nixon ◽  
Paul L. Greenhaff ◽  
Elizabeth J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Antecubital Vein ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Skeletal muscle is a major site for whole-body glucose disposal, and determination of skeletal muscle glucose uptake is an important metabolic measurement, particularly in research focussed on interventions that impact muscle insulin sensitivity. Calculating arterial-venous difference in blood glucose can be used as an indirect measure for assessing glucose uptake. However, the possibility of multiple tissues contributing to the composition of venous blood, and the differential in glucose uptake kinetics between tissue types, suggests that sampling from different vein sites could influence the estimation of glucose uptake. This study aimed to determine the impact of venous cannula position on calculated forearm glucose uptake following an oral glucose challenge in resting and post-exercise states. Materials and Methods In 9 young, lean, males, the impact of sampling blood from two antecubital vein positions; the perforating vein (‘perforating’ visit) and, at the bifurcation of superficial and perforating veins (‘bifurcation’ visit), was assessed. Brachial artery blood flow and arterialised-venous and venous blood glucose concentrations were measured in 3 physiological states; resting-fasted, resting-fed, and fed following intermittent forearm muscle contraction (fed-exercise). Results Following glucose ingestion, forearm glucose uptake area under the curve was greater for the ‘perforating’ than for the ‘bifurcation’ visit in the resting-fed (5.92±1.56 vs. 3.69±1.35 mmol/60 min, P<0.01) and fed-exercise (17.38±7.73 vs. 11.40±7.31 mmol/75 min, P<0.05) states. Discussion Antecubital vein cannula position impacts calculated postprandial forearm glucose uptake. These findings have implications for longitudinal intervention studies where serial determination of forearm glucose uptake is required.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Citric Acid and Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Body Composition of Labeo rohita Fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Atif Yaqub ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Anjum ◽  
Komal Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plant Materials

Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products to reduce feed costs. However, the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional factors (ANFs) in plant materials is one of the major obstacles. For this purpose, a 2x2 factorial experiment was established to evaluate the suitability of canola meal with citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplementation for growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets; D1 (control; without CA and PHY), D2 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D3 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D4 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) and D5 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) were fed to fish (mean initial weight 7.61±0.31 g) in triplicates for 90-days. The growth performance was significantly increased while feed conversion ratio was decreased with D3 compared to control and other CA and PHY supplemented groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, higher digestibility (%) of nutrients (dry matter, crude protein and ash) and improved whole-body composition was also exhibited by fish fed with D3 (P<0.05). Hence, the above results elucidate that supplementation of 30 g/kg CA with 1000 FTU/kg PHY could be a useful approach for improved growth performance, nutrients digestibility and body composition of L. rohita.

scholarly journals Phosphorus fertilization and growth of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliares L.) cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Vanderlise Giongo ◽  
Alessandra M. Salviano ◽  
Betina R. C. dos Santos ◽  
Emylly F. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Set Up

Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the growth of root system as well as the tillering grass, being fundamental to increase the productivity of these species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of buffel grass cultivars and establish critical values of P in plant and soil. The experimental set up was a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (four Cenchrus ciliaris cvs.: Biloela, Aridus, CPATSA 7754 and Pusa Giant, and five doses of P2O5 - 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) with four replications. After 90 days of cultivation, dry mass of shoot (DMS) and root (DMR) production and the P accumulation (Pacc) were determined. Soil samples to determine the P content and determination of the critical level (CriLev) were also collected. The cv. Biloela presented lower DMR and DMS production compared to the other cultivars. The cultivares Biloela, Pusa Giant and Aridus showed different critical levels of P in soil and plant, obtained in the greenhouse showing that they have different requirement of this nutrient for their growth. The cultivar CPATSA 7754 showed higher phosphorus requirement and did not permit to establish critical levels with doses used in the present study.

scholarly journals Decreased Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Active Phase Ankylosing Spondylitis Who Underwent Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Closed Cryochamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Stanek ◽  
Armand Cholewka ◽  
Tomasz Wielkoszyński ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Aleksander Sieroń
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) on oxidative stress when performed in a closed cryochamber on patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Material and methods. The effect of ten WBC procedures lasting 3 minutes a day with a subsequent 60-minute session kinesiotherapy on oxidative stress in male AS patients (WBC group n=16) was investigated. To assess the disease activity, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Diseases Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) were calculated. The WBC group was compared to the kinesiotherapy only (KT; n=16) group. The routine parameters of oxidative stress (antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation products, total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI)) were estimated one day before the beginning and one day after the completion of the research program. Results. After the completion of the treatment in the WBC group, a significant decrease of oxidative stress markers (TOS and OSI) and a significant increase of total antioxidant status were observed. The erythrocyte activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase decreased significantly in both groups, but the differences of activity of that enzymes prior to post treatment values (Δ) in the KT group were significantly higher as compared to the WBC group. The activity of erythrocyte catalase and plasma ZnCu isoenzyme of superoxide dismutase showed a decreased tendency; erythrocyte total superoxide dismutase activity showed an increased tendency in the WBC group after the completion of the treatment. The BASDAI and BASFI decreased significantly in both groups, but the differences of value indexes prior to post treatment (Δ) were significantly higher in the WBC than KT group. Conclusion. WBC performed in a closed cryochamber decreases oxidative stress and improves BASDAI and BASFI indexes in male patients during the active phase of ankylosing spondylitis.

Dietary phosphorus requirement of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) alevins cultured in freshwater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Cong‐mei ◽  
Yu Hai‐rui ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Bing‐bing Chen ◽  
Ling‐yao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement

3. The Fundamental Principles Governing International Relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-76
Author(s):  
Paola Gaeta ◽  
Jorge E. Viñuales ◽  
Salvatore Zappalà
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Sovereign Equality ◽  
Peaceful Settlement

This chapter discusses the fundamental principles governing international relations. The principles represent the fundamental set of standards on which States are united and which allow a degree of relatively smooth international dealings. They make up the apex of the whole body of international legislation. They constitute overriding legal standards that may be regarded as the constitutional principles of the international community. These principles are: the sovereign equality of States; the principle of non-intervention in internal affairs; the prohibition of the threat or use of force; peaceful settlement of international disputes; the duty to co-operate; the principle of good faith; self-determination of peoples; respect for human rights; and the prevention of significant environmental harm. The discussions then turn to the distinguishing traits of the fundamental principles and the close link between the principles and the need for their co-ordination.

Studies on 203Hg-Chlormerodrin Rapid Synthesis and Measurement of 203Hg-Chlormerodrin and Determination of its Fate in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Akira Hasegawa ◽  
Goro Urakubo ◽  
Akira Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
Isotopic Exchange Reaction ◽  
Preferential Binding ◽  
Short Time

SummaryThe rapid synthesis of 203Hg-chlormerodrin by an isotopic exchange reaction in organic solvents was investigated using a mixture of inactive chlormerodrin and 203Hg-mercuric chloride. This reaction is promising as a practical method since 203Hg-CM can be so prepared in a short time. In methanol, 3-acetoxy-mercuri-2 methoxypropylurea exchanged at room temperature with 203Hg-mercuric acetate to a relatively high yield. The most suitable solvent for paper chromatography of CM was found to be a mixture of dimethylformamide, water and methanol (5 : 1 : 14 v/v). The fate and distribution of 203Hg-CM in rats were studied after a single oral dose and the maximum of activity was observed in the kidneys during the first 6 hours. A preferential binding of Hg by renal tissue was found. The biological half-life in the whole body was about 18.5 days. This compound was excreted mainly via the faeces but small amounts were excreted in the urine.

scholarly journals PSVIII-6 The small intestinal responses in the determination of true digestibility and the endogenous outputs of phosphorus in corn for growing pig using the regression analysis technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Hongzhi Wu ◽  
Zeyu Yang ◽  
Xindi Yin ◽  
Tania Archbold ◽  
Wenyi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract It is of important methodological considerations to understand how the small intestine would respond to feeding of a series of assay diets deficient in gradient levels of phosphorus (Pi) associated with corn in growing pigs by the regression analysis technique (TRAT). A total of 48 barrows, with an average initial BW 32 kg, were randomly assigned to 6 grower pig diets and were fed close to ad libitum for 10 d, with 8-d adaptation and 2-d collection fecal samples, according to a randomized complete block design. Six cornstarch-based diets, containing 6 levels of Pi at 1.3, 1.9, 2.0, 3.6, 3.4 and 4.0 g/kg DMI, were formulated from corn. The gut permeability marker of D-mannitol was fed 0.30 g/kg BW at 4 h, prior to be sacrificed for sampling. ADG and the apparent ileal DM digestibility were linearly affected (P &lt; 0.05); however, the ADFI, feed conversion ratio, the apparent fecal DM digestibility, transcellular gut permeability and the jejunal alkaline phosphatase kinetics were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the increasing dietary levels of corn inclusion. There were linear relationships (P &lt; 0.05), expressed as g/kg DMI, between the apparent ileal and fecal digestible Pi and the total intake of dietary Pi, suggesting that true ileal and fecal Pi digestibility (33.3±4.7 vs. 52.7±3.8%); and the endogenous Pi outputs (0.37±0.12 vs. 0.60±0.09, g/kg DMI) associated with corn could be estimated by the TRAT. Our results have shown that the intestinal physiological functions were not affected in the grower pigs fed on a series of test diets that were deficient in gradient levels of multiple assay nutrients, including macro-minerals, crude protein and amino acids supplied from the testing corn, for a period of 10 d, in the determination of corn-specific true digestibility and the endogenous outputs of Pi by the TRAT.

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