The United States of War: A Global History of America's Endless Conflicts, from Columbus to the Islamic State by DavidVine Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. 464 pp.

ABSTRACTLike many nineteenth-century sciences, phrenology had global aspirations. Skulls were collected in Egypt and Ceylon, societies exchanged journals between India and the United States, and phrenological bestsellers were sold in Shanghai and Tokyo. Despite this wealth of interaction, existing accounts treat phrenology within neat national and urban settings. In contrast, this article examines phrenology as a global political project. During an age in which character dominated public discourse, phrenology emerged as a powerful political language. In this article, I examine the role that correspondence played in establishing material connections between phrenologists and their political concerns, ranging from the abolition of slavery to the reform of prison discipline. Two overarching arguments run throughout my case-studies. First, phrenologists used correspondence to establish reform as a global project. Second, phrenology allowed reformers to present their arguments in terms of a new understanding of human character. More broadly, this article connects political thought with the global history of science.

Download Full-text

COMPARING SOUTH AFRICA AND THE UNITED STATES The Comparative Imagination: On the History of Racism, Nationalism and Social Movements. By GEORGE M. FREDERICKSON. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. 259. $27.50 (ISBN 0-520-20996-6).

The Journal of African History ◽

10.1017/s0021853701367890 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 307-352

Author(s):

SHULA MARKS

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Africa ◽

Social Movements ◽

The United States ◽

University Of California ◽

History Of

Download Full-text

Al-Qaeda’s New Orientation After the Death of Osama bin Laden

Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik ◽

10.19109/jssp.v3i2.4390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 130-145

Author(s):

Siti Fatimah ◽

Yanuardi Syukur

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Al Qaeda ◽

Islamic State ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Osama Bin Laden

After the death of Osama Bin Laden and the declaration of the establishment of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Al-Qaeda movement changed from being aggressive to being passive. The aggressiveness of the Al-Qaeda movement, for instance, was seen during the spectacular terror of 9/11, which was then followed by various actions carried out by followers in various parts of the world. However, Bin Laden's death and the rise of the ISIS group made Al-Qaeda look passive. This paper seeks to see the history of the Al-Qaeda movement to the dynamics that influence the movement’s choices. The author found that changing Al-Qaeda's orientation from aggressive to passive did not deny the existence of a consolidated movement that deliberately distanced itself from the anti-terrorism campaign carried out by the United States.

Download Full-text