Rhinovirus-specific antibody responses in preschool children with acute wheeze reflect severity of respiratory symptoms

Allergy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stenberg-Hammar ◽  
K. Niespodziana ◽  
C. Söderhäll ◽  
A. James ◽  
C.R. Cabauatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antibody Responses

scholarly journals Changes in epigenetic profiles throughout early childhood and their relationship to the response to pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pischedda ◽  
Daniel O’Connor ◽  
Benjamin P. Fairfax ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Federico Martinon-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections

Abstract Background Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and immaturity of the immune system partly underlies poor vaccine responses seen in the young. Emerging evidence suggests a key role for epigenetics in the maturation and regulation of the immune system in health and disease. The study aimed to investigate epigenetic changes in early life and to understand the relationship between the epigenome and antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination. Methods The epigenetic profiles from 24 healthy children were analyzed at 12 months prior to a booster dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), and at 24 months of age, using the Illumina Methylation 450 K assay and assessed for differences over time and between high and low vaccine responders. Results Our analysis revealed 721 significantly differentially methylated positions between 12 and 24 months (FDR < 0.01), with significant enrichment in pathways involved in the regulation of cell–cell adhesion and T cell activation. Comparing high and low vaccine responders, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites (P value < 0.01) associated with HLA-DPB1 and IL6. Conclusion These data imply that epigenetic changes that occur during early childhood may be associated with antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines.

Experimental Schistosoma bovis infection in goats. Circulating antigen and antibody responses to egg and adult worm antigens during infection and following treatment with praziquantel

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Johansen ◽  
Y. Fillié ◽  
J. Monrad ◽  
N. Ø. Christensen ◽  
A. Deelder
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Positive Correlations

SUMMARYCirculating antigen levels and antibody responses in Schistosoma bovis-infected West African Dwarf goats were evaluated during infection and following treatment with praziquantel (60 mg/kg) 13 weeks post-infection. One day, 1 week and 4 weeks post-treatment, subgroups of goats were sacrificed and perfused for worm recovery. For comparison, parasite-free control animals were included. Blood and faecal samples were collected biweekly. Two gut-associated schistosome antigens, circulating cathodic and circulating anodic antigen (CCA and CAA) and 3 specific antibody responses (total Ig, IgG and IgM) were measured. For specific antibody detection, crude S. bovis adult worm and egg homogenates were used. The level of CCA in the infected groups was significantly elevated from the time of onset of egg excretion onwards. However, following treatment, the CCA litres dropped to control levels within 1 week post-treatment. Strong positive correlations were found between CCA levels and worm counts and faecal egg counts during peak egg excretion. The correlations of CAA and specific antibody litres to egg and worm counts were poor. The antibody responses were all significantly elevated in the infected goats during patency, but only marginally affected by the treatment. Hence, CCA proved to be superior by correlating strongly to the level of infection and by being a sensitive indicator of the effect of treatment.

Induction of antigen-specific antibody responses by nonspecific T cell-derived helper factors

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Grusby ◽  
Susan K. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses

scholarly journals High-Affinity H7 Head and Stalk Domain–Specific Antibody Responses to an Inactivated Influenza H7N7 Vaccine After Priming With Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Halliley ◽  
Surender Khurana ◽  
Florian Krammer ◽  
Theresa Fitzgerald ◽  
Elizabeth M. Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Stalk Domain

scholarly journals Simultaneous Immunization with Multiple Diverse Immunogens Alters Development of Antigen-Specific Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Kelsey A. Pilewski ◽  
Kevin J. Kramer ◽  
Ivelin S. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
Single Antigen ◽  
The Face ◽  
Antibody Titers

Vaccination remains one of the most successful medical interventions in history, significantly decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with, or even eradicating, numerous infectious diseases. Although traditional immunization strategies have recently proven insufficient in the face of many highly mutable and emerging pathogens, modern strategies aim to rationally engineer a single antigen or cocktail of antigens to generate a focused, protective immune response. However, the effect of cocktail vaccination (simultaneous immunization with multiple immunogens) on the antibody response to each individual antigen within the combination, remains largely unstudied. To investigate whether immunization with a cocktail of diverse antigens would result in decreased antibody titer against each unique antigen in the cocktail compared to immunization with each antigen alone, we immunized mice with surface proteins from uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Neisseria meningitides, and monitored the development of antigen-specific IgG antibody responses. We found that antigen-specific endpoint antibody titers were comparable across immunization groups by study conclusion (day 70). Further, we discovered that although cocktail-immunized mice initially elicited more robust antibody responses, the rate of titer development decreases significantly over time compared to single antigen-immunized mice. Investigating the basic properties that govern the development of antigen-specific antibody responses will help inform the design of future combination immunization regimens.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an assay for detection of Japanese Encephalitis virus specific antibody responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Darshana Pushpakumara ◽  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Laksiri Gomes ◽  
Yashodha Perera ◽  
Ananda Wijewickrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Conserved Regions

AbstractBackgroundAlthough immune responses to the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV), and the dengue viruses (DENV) have a potential to modulate the immune responses to each other, this has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we developed an ELISA to identify JEV specific, DENV non cross-reactive antibody responses by identifying JEV specific, highly conserved regions of the virus and proceeded to investigate if the presence of JEV specific antibodies associate with dengue disease severity.Methodology/Principal findings20 JEV specific peptides were identified from highly conserved regions of the virus and the immunogenicity and specificity of these peptides were assessed in individuals who were non-immune to JEV and DENV (JEV-DENV-, N=30), those who were only immune to the JEV and not DENV (JEV+DENV-, N=30), those who were only immune to DENV(JEV-DENV+, N=30) and in those who were immune to both viruses (JEV+DENV+, N=30). 7/20 peptides were found to be highly immunogenic and specific and these 7 peptides were used as a pool to further evaluate JEV-specific responses. All 30/30 JEV+DENV-and 30/30 JEV+DENV+individuals, and only 3/30 (10%) JEV-DENV+individuals responded to this pool. We further evaluated this pool of 7 peptides in patients following primary and secondary dengue infection during the convalescent period and found that the JEV-specific peptides, were unlikely to cross react with DENV IgG antibodies. We further compared this in-house ELISA developed with the peptide pool with an existing commercial JEV IgG assay to identify JEV-specific IgG following vaccination, and our in-house ELISA was found to be more sensitive. We then proceeded to investigate if the presence of JEV-specific antibodies were associated with dengue disease severity, and we found that those who had past severe dengue (n=175) were significantly more likely (p<0.0001) to have JEV-specific antibodies than those with past non-severe dengue (n=175) (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.3 to 8.3).Conclusions/SignificanceAs our data show that this assay is highly sensitive and specific for detection of JEV-specific antibody responses, it would be an important tool to determine how JEV seropositivity modulate dengue immunity and disease severity when undertaking dengue vaccine trials.Author summaryBoth Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV), and the dengue viruses (DENV) co-circulate in the same geographical region and have a potential to modulate the immune responses to each other. However, due to the difficulty in identifying antibody responses specific to either virus due to the highly cross-reactive nature of virus-specific antibodies, this has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we developed an ELISA to identify JEV-specific, DENV non cross-reactive antibody responses by identifying JEV-specific, highly conserved regions of the virus and proceeded to investigate if the presence of JEV-specific antibodies associates with dengue disease severity. 20 JEV-specific peptides were identified from highly conserved regions of the virus and the immunogenicity and specificity of these peptides were assessed. We found that seven peptides were highly immunogenic and specific to the JEV and we further evaluated the usefulness of an ELISA developed using these pools of peptides. We found that our in-house ELISA was found to be significantly more sensitive some of the existing commercial assays. As this assay appears to be highly sensitive and specific for detection of JEV-specific antibody responses, it would be an important tool to determine how JEV seropositivity modulate dengue immunity and disease severity when undertaking dengue vaccine trials.

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