When Do Leaders Free‐Ride? Business Experience and Contributions to Collective Defense

Accounting information has an important role to achieve business success, as well as for small businesses.This research examines the effect of business experience and accounting information system used toward business success with age of business as control variable. The population of this research are small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in creative industries sector operated in Yogyakarta district. Based on purposive sampling method, total sample of this research is 200 SMEs. Statistical tool utilized to test the hypothesis in this study is path analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM). The test result shows that business experience and accounting information have positive and significant effect to the success of SMEs.

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Analysis of the ways of improvement of Ukraine – NATO cooperation on cybersecurity issues

Journal of Scientific Papers Social development & Security ◽

10.33445/sds.2020.10.2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

Volodymyr Shypovskyi ◽

Volodymyr Cherneha ◽

Serhiy Marchenkov

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Cyber Warfare ◽

The North ◽

Collective Defense ◽

Cyber Space ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Modern Warfare ◽

E Mail

Recent events in Ukraine have shown that, along with the advancement of information technology, methods of conducting modern warfare are being enhanced. Cyberspace is deliberately used by the Russian Federation to commit cyber warfare against Ukraine. Therefore, in order to address their influence effectively, it is important not only successfully deal with its consequences but also to foresee the potential adversaryʼs actions by analyzing their previous operations and incorporating the lessons learned by other countries. Across the globe, including Ukraine, the issue of information security and cyberattacks has become exceedingly urgent. Everybody is aware of the ongoing attacks on information networks of various government agencies and energy firms, cyberattacks on e-mail networks of political parties and organizations around the world. Likewise, despite the steadily growing numbers, cyberattack cases against the individuals and private businesses are not reported as widely as they occur. As a result, The North Atlantic Alliance countries began tackling the issue of cyberthreats much earlier than Ukraine. Consequently, NATO and its allies rely on powerful and robust cyber defenses to ensure the Alliance's core tasks of collective defense. The article discusses methods and strategies for providing cyber defense in NATO member states and recommends ways to increase the level of protection in the state's cyber space, as part of Ukraineʼs national security and defense domain.

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A Ticket to Free Ride? Not So Fast: Members-Only Collective Bargaining as a Possible State Response to a Judicially Recognized Right to Work

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2783823 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Collective Bargaining ◽

State Response ◽

Free Ride ◽

Right To Work

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Universities and start-up creation by Ph.D. graduates: the role of scientific and social capital of academic laboratories

The Journal of Technology Transfer ◽

10.1007/s10961-020-09841-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Muscio ◽

Sotaro Shibayama ◽

Laura Ramaciotti

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Training Period ◽

Scientific Excellence ◽

Academic Knowledge ◽

Start Up ◽

Industry Collaboration ◽

Business Experience ◽

Subject Areas ◽

Scientific Capital

AbstractThis paper investigates how the characteristics of university laboratories influence the propensity of Ph.D. students to entrepreneurship, and thus, contribute to the transfer of academic knowledge to society. As determinants of Ph.D. entrepreneurship, we focus on the lab scientific and social capital as well as on the business experience that Ph.D. students acquire during their training period. The empirical exercise is based on questionnaire survey data of 5266 Ph.D. students in Italian universities in all subject areas. First, we find that 6.7% of the Ph.D. graduates engage in startup activities, and thus, Ph.D. training seems to contribute to knowledge transfer through entrepreneurship. Second, Ph.D. entrepreneurship is driven by business experience, in the forms of industry collaboration and industrially applicable research projects, during their training period. Third, the lab scientific capital is negatively associated with Ph.D. entrepreneurship, suggesting a conflict between scientific excellence and entrepreneurship, but this effect is mitigated if students acquire business experience. Fourth, the lab social capital increases the chance of startup when students have business experience. We further investigate the effects of lab environment by distinguishing between startups that are based on university research and startups that are not, finding different determinants.

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