A behavioural nutrition intervention for obese pregnant women: Effects on diet quality, weight gain and the incidence of gestational diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle S. Opie ◽  
Madeleine Neff ◽  
Audrey C. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Quality Weight

scholarly journals Diet Quality Indices and Physical Activity Levels Associated with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Vanessa Averof Honorato de Almeida ◽  
Rafaela Alkmin da Costa ◽  
Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Mikami ◽  
Ana Maria da Silva Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Gestational Weight

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Diet Quality Index (DQI) and the Physical Activity (PA) levels associated with adequacy of gestational weight gain in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 172 pregnant women with a single fetus and a diagnosis of GDM participated. Food intake was self-reported on the food frequency questionnaire and DQI was quantified using the index validated and revised for Brazil (DQI-R). To assess PA, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered. Gestational weight gain was classified, following the criteria of the Institute of Medicine, into adequate (AWG), insufficient (IWG), or excessive (EWG) weight gain. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed, with level of significance <0.05. The participants were divided into 3 groups: AWG (33.1%), IWG (27.3%), and EWG (39.5%). The analysis indicated that if the pregnant women PA fell into tertile 1 or 2, then they had a greater chance of having IWG, whereas those with the lowest scores on the DQI-R, whose PA fell into tertile 2, and pregestational obesity women had the greatest chance of having EWG. This study has shown that low PA levels may contribute towards IWG. On the other hand, a low final DQI-R score, representing inadequate food habits, low PA levels, and pregestational obesity may increase the chance of EWG in patients with GDM.

scholarly journals The consequences of obesity and excess weight gain in pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Norman ◽  
Rebecca Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Operative Delivery ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The prevalence of obesity in pregnancy is rising exponentially; about 15–20% of pregnant women now enter pregnancy with a BMI which would define them as obese. This paper provides a review of the strong links between obesity and adverse pregnancy outcome which operate across a range of pregnancy complications. For example, obesity is associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolism, pre-eclampsia and postpartum haemorrhage. Obesity also complicates operative delivery; it makes operative delivery more difficult, increases complications and paradoxically increases the need for operative delivery. The risk of the majority of these complications is amplified by excess weight gain in pregnancy and increases in proportion to the degree of obesity, for example, women with extreme obesity have OR of 7·89 for gestational diabetes and 3·84 for postpartum haemorrhage compared to their lean counterparts. The consequences of maternal obesity do not stop once the baby is born. Maternal obesity programmes a variety of long-term adverse outcomes, including obesity in the offspring at adulthood. Such an effect is mediated at least in part via high birthweight; a recent study has suggested that the odds of adult obesity are two-fold greater in babies weighing more than 4 kg at birth. The mechanism by which obesity causes adverse pregnancy outcome is uncertain. This paper reviews the emerging evidence that hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance may both play a role: the links between hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and both increased birthweight and insulin resistance have been demonstrated in two large studies. Lastly, we discuss the nature and rationale for possible intervention strategies in obese pregnant women.

Association of Maternal Serum Zinc, Copper and Magnesium Levels, Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain Patterns With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Third-trimester Pregnant Women: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Gholizadeh ◽  
Tohid Rouzitalab ◽  
Saeid Ghavamzadeh ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Background: This study sought to evaluate the association between selected micronutrients (zinc, copper, and magnesium), pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus third-trimester pregnant women Urmia, Iran. Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study included 400 pregnant women. The nutritional, demographic, clinical data, and fasting blood samples (selected micronutrients and blood glucose) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression tests. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was 18%. The OR for GDM was (OR: 0.329; 95% CI: 0.156-0.696) in normal-weight compared to mothers who were obese before pregnancy. Normal serum zinc concentration was associated with 0.413-fold lower rates of developing GDM (95% CI: 0.227-0.750). Magnesium supplementation was inversely associated with the risk of GDM (OR: 0.986; 95% CI: 0.979-0.994). Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain was significantly associated with developing GDM in lean and obese women before pregnancy, respectively (p=0.01, p=0.003). Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is highly prevalent in Urmia, and it is likely related to excessive serum zinc concentrations, elevated pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain.

scholarly journals Diet and weight gain characteristics of pregnant women with gestational diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salmenhaara ◽  
L Uusitalo ◽  
U Uusitalo ◽  
C Kronberg-Kippilä ◽  
H Sinkko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women

scholarly journals Determining Acceptability of a Text-message Based Intervention to Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Low-income Women in Hawai'i WIC (P04-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Valdez ◽  
Cristina Palacios ◽  
Jinan Banna
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Low Income Women

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability of messages in a text message-based nutrition intervention for the prevention of excessive gestational weight gain in low-income women in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in Hawai‘i. Methods Low-income pregnant women (n = 100) in Hawaii participated in a four-month text message-based nutrition intervention program. Participants in the intervention arm received 18 text messages (1/week) that focused on reinforcing WIC's nutritional recommendations for pregnant women. Participants who completed the intervention were interviewed at their respective WIC clinic about their experiences with the messages. The interviews were transcribed and content analysis to identify the prevailing themes and concepts was performed with NVivo (version 12, GSR International, Inc, Burlington, MA). Results Participants responded to questions in four content areas: most useful messages for staying healthy, least useful messages for staying healthy, messages that affected eating and exercise habits, and the experience of receiving messages. The most useful messages related to healthy food substitutions. The least helpful messages were those participants felt they were unable to perform, such as eating sardines for omega-3 fatty acids. Participants cited that messages relating to healthy food substitutions as having the most impact on eating behavior. Most participants also felt that increasing the number of messages would have been helpful. Conclusions Results suggest that providing information relating to healthy food substitutions as well as providing a high frequency of messages could be beneficial in the development of mobile health programs for low-income pregnant women in controlling gestational weight gain. Funding Sources Mountain West Clinical Translational Research Infrastructure Network under a grant from National Institute of General Medicine Sciences of the National Institute of Health.

scholarly journals Association Between Diet Quality & Rate of Gestational Weight Gain Among Pregnant Women in Dhulikhel, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1089-1089
Author(s):  
Kelly Tiderencel ◽  
Joachim Sackey ◽  
Diane Rigassio-Radler ◽  
Emily Barrett ◽  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) guidelines recommend linear gestational weight gain (GWG) in the 2nd and 3rd trimester with appropriate rate defined based on pre-pregnancy BMI. Here we prospectively examined the association between diet quality and GWG rate from 2nd to 3rd trimester among women receiving prenatal care in a periurban hospital in Nepal. Methods A pilot cohort of singleton pregnant women (N = 101; age 25.9 ± 4.1 years) was recruited from a tertiary, periurban hospital in Nepal. In the 1st trimester, diet quality was assessed from the adapted Nepali version of the PrimeScreen questionnaire, which assigned diet quality scores (range 0–42; higher scores for better quality) based on consumption frequency of 12 healthy and 9 unhealthy food groups. The GWG rate was calculated as the measured weight at the early-to-mid 3rd trimester (28–35 wks) minus the weight at 2nd trimester (13–25 wks), divided by the number of weeks in between. Linear regression estimated the association between diet quality and GWG rate, adjusting for a priori covariates including age, education, ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, and nausea/vomiting. The adequacy of GWG rate was also categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive using NAM guidelines. Results Most women were of normal (55.4%) or overweight (33.7%) BMI status pre-pregnancy. The mean GWG rate in mid-to-late pregnancy was 0.46 ± 0.2 kg/wk and the mean diet quality score was 23.6 ± 2.5. Based on pre-pregnancy BMI, 49.4% of women had excessive GWG rate, while nearly equal numbers had either adequate GWG or inadequate GWG rate. Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG rate were inversely correlated (r = −0.21, P = 0.049). Education level was positively associated with both GWG rate (P = 0.01) and adequacy of GWG (P = 0.02). There was no significant association between diet quality and the GWG rate [adjusted β (95% CI) = −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01); P = 0.14]. The mean GWG rate was marginally lower (0.44 vs. 0.57 kg/wk; P = 0.06) among those with high versus low (2 + servings vs. 0–1 serving/wk) intake of red meat; similar findings were seen when comparing red meat intake between women with excessive versus adequate GWG (Cramer's V = 0.2; P = 0.06). Conclusions While overall diet quality is not related to GWG among Nepali women, a high intake of red meat may be a potential risk factor for excessive GWG in this population. Funding Sources Rutgers Global Health Institute.

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