scholarly journals Immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles in the dialogue between placental and immune cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo R. Favaro ◽  
Jose Martín Murrieta‐Coxca ◽  
Ruby N. Gutiérrez‐Samudio ◽  
Diana M. Morales‐Prieto ◽  
Udo R. Markert
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Distinct immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles released by different strains of Acanthamoeba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Oliveira Costa ◽  
Isabela Aurora Rodrigues Chagas ◽  
Armando Menezes‐Neto ◽  
Felipe Dutra Rêgo ◽  
Paula Monalisa Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Zhang ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Muthuvel Jayachandran ◽  
Loren P. Herrera Hernandez ◽  
Stanley Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Backgrounds: Previous studies have demonstrated that excretion of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different nephron segments differs between kidney stone formers and non-stone formers (NSFs), and could reflect pathogenic mechanisms of urinary stone disease. In this study we quantified selected populations of specific urinary EVs carrying protein markers of immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology in calcium oxalate stone formers (CSFs) compared to non-stone formers (NSFs). Methods Biobanked urine samples from CSFs (n = 24) undergoing stone removal surgery and age- and sex- matched NSFs (n = 21) were studied. Urinary EVs carrying proteins related to renal calcium/phosphorus physiology (phosphorus transporters (PiT1 and PiT2), Klotho, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23); markers associated with EV generation (anoctamin-4 (ANO4) and Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1)), and markers shed from activated immune cells were quantified by standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. Results Urine excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and calcium oxalate supersaturation (SS) were significantly higher in CSFs compared to NSFs (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of EVs with markers of total leukocytes (CD45), neutrophils (CD15), macrophages (CD68), Klotho, FGF23, PiT1, PiT2, and ANO4 were each markedly lower in CSFs than NSFs (P < 0.05) whereas excretion of those with markers of monocytes (CD14), T-Lymphocytes (CD3), B-Lymphocytes (CD19), plasma cells (CD138 plus CD319 positive) were not different between the groups. Urinary excretion of EVs expressing PiT1 and PiT2 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with urinary phosphorus excretion, whereas excretion of EVs expressing FGF23 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with both urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. Urinary EVs with markers of HIP1 and ANO4 correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with clinical stone events and basement membrane calcifications on papillary tip biopsies. Conclusions Urinary excretion of EVs derived from specific types of activated immune cells and EVs with proteins related to calcium/phosphorus regulation differed between CSFs and NSFs. Further validation of these and other populations of urinary EVs in larger cohort could identify biomarkers that elucidate novel pathogenic mechanisms of calcium stone formation in specific subsets of patients.

scholarly journals A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential?

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh Andrukhov ◽  
Alice Blufstein ◽  
Christian Behm
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Antimicrobial defense is an essential component of host-microbial homeostasis and contributes substantially to oral health maintenance. Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and play an important role in various processes like regeneration and disease progression. Recent studies show that dental MSCs might also be involved in antibacterial defense. This occurs by producing antimicrobial peptides or attracting professional phagocytic immune cells and modulating their activity. The production of antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory abilities of dental MSCs are enhanced by an inflammatory environment and influenced by vitamin D3. Antimicrobial peptides also have anti-inflammatory effects in dental MSCs and improve their differentiation potential. Augmentation of antibacterial efficiency of dental MSCs could broaden their clinical application in dentistry.

Interaction between mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles and immune cells by distinct protein content

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 8249-8258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soura Mardpour ◽  
Amir Ali Hamidieh ◽  
Sara Taleahmad ◽  
Farzaneh Sharifzad ◽  
Adeleh Taghikhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell

scholarly journals Fungal Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Targets for Immune Interventions

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Silveira Freitas ◽  
Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato ◽  
Andre Moreira Pessoni ◽  
Marcio L. Rodrigues ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

ABSTRACT The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by fungi is a fundamental cellular process. EVs carry several biomolecules, including pigments, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. EVs may play a pivotal role in the establishment of fungal infections, as they can interact with the host immune system to elicit multiple outcomes. It has been observed that, depending on the fungal pathogen, EVs can exacerbate or attenuate fungal infections. The study of the interaction between fungal EVs and the host immune system and understanding of the mechanisms that regulate those interactions might be useful for the development of new adjuvants as well as the improvement of protective immune responses against infectious or noninfectious diseases. In this review, we describe the immunomodulatory properties of EVs produced by pathogenic fungi and discuss their potential as adjuvants for prophylactic or therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 Is Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles upon Hyperthermia and Oxidative Stress in Dendritic Cells But Not in Monocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4428
Author(s):  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Lorenzo Pace ◽  
Nicoletta Pignataro ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
Antonio Ambrosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Recently, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) has been shown to play a putative role in the immune system, as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) are stimulated by hyperthermia to express IGFBP-6 at both the mRNA and protein levels. However, the presence of IGFBP-6 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whether other pro-inflammatory stimuli can induce IGFBP-6 expression in Mo-DCs are not known yet. In this brief report, we show that hyperthermia (39 °C) induces IGFBP-6 secretion associated with microvesicles and exosomes as early as 3 h. Moreover, free IGFBP-6 is found in conditioned media (CM) of hyperthermia- and H2O2-treated Mo-DCs, but not in CM obtained from monocytes similarly treated. These results show that diverse inflammatory stimuli can induce IGFBP-6 association with EVs and secretion in conditioned medium, indicating a role for IGFBP-6 in communication between immune cells.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Ebola Virus: A New Mechanism of Immune Evasion

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Pleet ◽  
Catherine DeMarino ◽  
Spencer W. Stonier ◽  
John M. Dye ◽  
Steven Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Lymphocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Ebola virus (EBOV) disease can result in a range of symptoms anywhere from virtually asymptomatic to severe hemorrhagic fever during acute infection. Additionally, spans of asymptomatic persistence in recovering survivors is possible, during which transmission of the virus may occur. In acute infection, substantial cytokine storm and bystander lymphocyte apoptosis take place, resulting in uncontrolled, systemic inflammation in affected individuals. Recently, studies have demonstrated the presence of EBOV proteins VP40, glycoprotein (GP), and nucleoprotein (NP) packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) during infection. EVs containing EBOV proteins have been shown to induce apoptosis in recipient immune cells, as well as contain pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this manuscript, we review the current field of knowledge on EBOV EVs including the mechanisms of their biogenesis, their cargo and their effects in recipient cells. Furthermore, we discuss some of the effects that may be induced by EBOV EVs that have not yet been characterized and highlight the remaining questions and future directions.

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