scholarly journals Sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with Zika virus and mother to infant transfer of Zika‐specific antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai‐ris Y. Collier ◽  
Erica N. Borducchi ◽  
Abishek Chandrashekar ◽  
Edward Moseley ◽  
Lauren Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Infant Transfer

scholarly journals Maternal-Fetal Immune Responses in Pregnant Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Garcia-Flores ◽  
Roberto Romero ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Kevin Theis ◽  
Marcia Arenas-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Immune Repertoire ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Pregnant women are a high-risk population for severe/critical COVID-19 and mortality. However, the maternal-fetal immune responses initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whether this virus is detectable in the placenta, are still under investigation. Herein, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy primarily induced specific maternal inflammatory responses in the circulation and at the maternal-fetal interface, the latter being governed by T cells and macrophages. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was also associated with a cytokine response in the fetal circulation (i.e. umbilical cord blood) without compromising the cellular immune repertoire. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection neither altered fetal cellular immune responses in the placenta nor induced elevated cord blood levels of IgM. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the placental tissues, nor was the sterility of the placenta compromised by maternal viral infection. This study provides insight into the maternal-fetal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and further emphasizes the rarity of placental infection.

scholarly journals Homologous prime-boost with Zika virus envelope protein and poly (I:C) induces robust specific humoral and cellular immune responses

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 3653-3664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pires Amaral ◽  
Juliana de Souza Apostolico ◽  
Nádia Tomita ◽  
Fernanda Caroline Coirada ◽  
Victória Alves Santos Lunardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Envelope Protein ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Humoral and cellular immune responses in sheep immunized with a 22 kilodalton exported protein of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael C. Rigden ◽  
Dakshina M. Jandhyala ◽  
Chris Dupont ◽  
Dianna Crosbie-Caird ◽  
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Exported Protein ◽  
Cellular Immune

An immunogenic 22 kilodalton exported Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) lipoprotein (P22) was previously identified, and found to belong to the LppX/LprAFG family of mycobacterial lipoproteins. N-terminal polyhistidine-tagged P22 was produced and purified from Escherichia coli. Antibody recognition of P22, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses in vitro using blood from a sheep vaccinated with Neoparasec, confirmed its immunogenicity. To evaluate the immunogenicity of P22 in vivo, five sheep were immunized with a single dose containing 0.8 mg recombinant P22 protein in adjuvant. Blood was collected at 4, 13 and 29 weeks post-immunization (p.i.) and tested for anti-P22 antibodies and P22-specific IFN-γ production. P22-specific antibodies were detected by Western blot analysis in all five Neoparasec-immunized sheep at the three time points. Three out of five P22-immunized sheep produced P22-specific antibodies for up to 13 weeks p.i., and two gave a response at 29 weeks p.i. Recombinant P22 was able to stimulate significant IFN-γ production in blood of P22-immunized sheep at 13 and 29 weeks p.i. Recombinant P22 also elicited an IFN-γ response in blood of sheep immunized with Neoparasec.

scholarly journals Immunogenic and efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on resistin-trimerized spike antigen SmT1 and SLA archaeosome adjuvant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassel Akache ◽  
Tyler M. Renner ◽  
Anh Tran ◽  
Lise Deschatelets ◽  
Renu Dudani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Single Vaccination ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Novel Protein

AbstractThe huge worldwide demand for vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated the continued development of novel improved formulations capable of reducing the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we evaluated novel protein subunit vaccine formulations containing a resistin-trimerized spike antigen, SmT1. When combined with sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosome adjuvant, formulations induced robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Antibodies had strong neutralizing activity, preventing viral spike binding and viral infection. In addition, the formulations were highly efficacious in a hamster challenge model reducing viral load and body weight loss even after a single vaccination. The antigen-specific antibodies generated by our vaccine formulations had stronger neutralizing activity than human convalescent plasma, neutralizing the spike proteins of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern. As such, our SmT1 antigen along with SLA archaeosome adjuvant comprise a promising platform for the development of efficacious protein subunit vaccine formulations for SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals A Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Candidate Mediates Protection against Zika Virus in an Allogeneic Mouse Pregnancy Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Nürnberger ◽  
Bianca S. Bodmer ◽  
Anna H. Fiedler ◽  
Gülsah Gabriel ◽  
Michael D. Mühlebach
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe impact of the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic highlights the need for vaccines that reduce or prevent infection and reliably prevent teratogenic complications. The live-attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine strains are a promising vaccine platform, since they induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses against additional antigens and have an excellent safety record. To explore its potential to protect against ZIKV, we compared a recombinant Schwarz strain MV that encodes ZIKV prM and soluble E proteins (MV-Zika-sE) with a prototypic alum-adjuvanted whole inactivated ZIKV particle vaccine. Analysis of MV-Zika-sE-infected cells confirmed antigen expression, and the virus replicated with vaccine strain characteristics. Immunized IFNAR−/−-CD46Ge mice developed E protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies, and ZIKV E-specific cellular immune responses were observed by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) andin vitroT cell proliferation assays. To analyze protective efficacy, vaccinated female mice were challenged with ZIKV after allogeneic mating. In MV-Zika-sE-vaccinated mice, weight gain was similar to that in uninfected mice, while no plasma viremia was detectable in the majority of the animals. In contrast, infected control animals gained less weight and experienced about 100-fold higher viremia over at least 3 days. Moreover, vaccination with MV-Zika-sE reduced the ZIKV load in different organs and the placentas and prevented infection of the fetus. Consequently, no fetal growth retardation, anemia, or death due to ZIKV infection was seen in MV-Zika-sE-vaccinated dams. In contrast, the inactivated ZIKV vaccine had little to no effect in our studies. Therefore, the MV-derived ZIKV vaccine is a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical development.IMPORTANCEZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes a variety of neurological complications, including congenital birth defects. Despite the urgent need, no ZIKV vaccine has yet been licensed. Recombinant vaccine strain-derived measles viruses (MV) constitute a promising vector platform to induce immunity against foreign pathogens by expressing antigens from additional transcription units while at the same time possessing a remarkable safety profile. This concept has already been validated against different pathogens, including at least 3 other flaviviruses, and our data show that vaccination with MV expressing soluble ZIKV E protein significantly diminishes infection and prevents fetal loss or damage in an allogeneic mouse pregnancy model. It can thus be regarded as a promising emergency vaccine candidate with the potential for inclusion in routine vaccination settings in areas of endemicity to prevent teratogenic effects of circulating ZIKV during pregnancy, comparable to standard rubella virus vaccination.

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