Toll-like Receptors at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complications

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Koga ◽  
Gentaro Izumi ◽  
Gil Mor ◽  
Tomoyuki Fujii ◽  
Yutaka Osuga
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

scholarly journals Trophoblast-derived hyaluronan promotes the regulatory phenotype of decidual macrophages

Reproduction ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songcun Wang ◽  
Fengrun Sun ◽  
Mutian Han ◽  
Yinghua Liu ◽  
Qinyan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Inflammatory Molecule ◽  
Regulatory Phenotype ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

There is delicate crosstalk between fetus-derived trophoblasts (Tros) and maternal cells during normal pregnancy. Dysfunctions in interaction are highly linked to some pregnancy complications, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Hyaluronan (HA), the most abundant component of extracellular matrix, has been reported to act as both a pro- and an anti-inflammatory molecule. Previously, we reported that HA promotes the invasion and proliferation of Tros by activating PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. While lower HA secretion by Tros was observed during miscarriages than that during normal pregnancies, in the present study, we further confirmed that higher secretion of HA by Tros could induce M2 polarization of macrophages at the maternal–fetal interface by interacting with CD44 and activating the downstream PI3K/Akt-STAT-3/STAT-6 signaling pathways. Furthermore, HA could restore the production of IL-10 and other normal pregnancy markers by decidual macrophages (dMφs) from RSA. These findings underline the important roles of HA in regulating the function of dMφs and maintaining a normal pregnancy.

Heparin and maternal fetal interface: Why should it work to prevent pregnancy complications?

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Hossain ◽  
Frederick Schatz ◽  
Michael J. Paidas
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

scholarly journals A Novel Review of Homocysteine and Pregnancy Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chuce Dai ◽  
Yiming Fei ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Xiuhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Work Done

Homocysteine (Hct) is a substance produced in the metabolism of methionine. It is an essential type of amino acid gained from the daily diet. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation is related to elevated total homocysteine (tHct) expressions, in particular, among women with low folate intake. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHct) is caused by numerous factors, such as genetic defects, lack of folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, drugs, aging, and renal dysfunction. Increased Hct in peripheral blood may lead to vascular illnesses, coronary artery dysfunction, atherosclerotic changes, and embolic diseases. Compared to nonpregnant women, the Hct level is lower in normal pregnancies. Recent studies have reported that HHct was associated with numerous pregnancy complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), preeclampsia (PE), preterm delivery, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Besides, it was discovered that neonatal birth weight and maternal Hct levels were negatively correlated. However, a number of these findings lack consistency. In this review, we summarized the metabolic process of Hct in the human body, the levels of Hct in different stages of normal pregnancy reported in previous studies, and the relationship between Hct and pregnancy complications. The work done is helpful for obstetricians to improve the likelihood of a positive outcome during pregnancy complications. Reducing the Hct level with a high dosage of folic acid supplements during the next pregnancy could be helpful for females who have suffered pregnancy complications due to HHct.

scholarly journals When pregnancy tames the wolf

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Niewold ◽  
Shilpi Mehta-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Transcriptional Modulation ◽  
In Pregnancy

A state of relative immunosuppression exists in normal pregnancy. In this issue of JEM, Hong et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190185) perform blood immunomonitoring in pregnancy, in both healthy women and women with lupus, and observe early and sustained transcriptional modulation of lupus-related pathways in both groups. When signatures of inflammation did not normalize in lupus, risk of pregnancy complications was increased.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiling of the Human Maternal-Fetal Interface Reveals Dramatic Changes between Midgestation and Term

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia D. Winn ◽  
Ronit Haimov-Kochman ◽  
Agnes C. Paquet ◽  
Y. Jean Yang ◽  
M. S. Madhusudhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Specialized Region ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

Human placentation entails the remarkable integration of fetal and maternal cells into a single functional unit. In the basal plate region (the maternal-fetal interface) of the placenta, fetal cytotrophoblasts from the placenta invade the uterus and remodel the resident vasculature and avoid maternal immune rejection. Knowing the molecular bases for these unique cell-cell interactions is important for understanding how this specialized region functions during normal pregnancy with implications for tumor biology and transplantation immunology. Therefore, we undertook a global analysis of the gene expression profiles at the maternal-fetal interface. Basal plate biopsy specimens were obtained from 36 placentas (14–40 wk) at the conclusion of normal pregnancies. RNA was isolated, processed, and hybridized to HG-U133A&B Affymetrix GeneChips. Surprisingly, there was little change in gene expression during the 14- to 24-wk interval. In contrast, 418 genes were differentially expressed at term (37–40 wk) as compared with midgestation (14–24 wk). Subsequent analyses using quantitative PCR and immunolocalization approaches validated a portion of these results. Many of the differentially expressed genes are known in other contexts to be involved in differentiation, motility, transcription, immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix dissolution, or lipid metabolism. One sixth were nonannotated or encoded hypothetical proteins. Modeling based on structural homology revealed potential functions for 31 of these proteins. These data provide a reference set for understanding the molecular components of the dialogue taking place between maternal and fetal cells in the basal plate as well as for future comparisons of alterations in this region that occur in obstetric complications.

scholarly journals Impaired Gal-9 Dysregulates the PBMC-Induced Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Abortion-Prone Matings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhou He ◽  
Ming Jiang ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Fanfan Li ◽  
Meitao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Immune Deviation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Th2 Immunity ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of 3 or more consecutive pregnancies; however, the underlying immunologic mechanisms that trigger pregnancy loss remain largely unelucidated. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) may modulate a variety of biologic functions and play an important role in Th1/Th2 immune deviation. To analyze the mechanism of Gal-9 in abortion, we used the classical abortion-prone mouse model (DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice) to detect the expression of Gal-9 at the maternal-fetal interface. We also mimicked the immune environment of pregnancy by culturing trophoblast cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to explore how Gal-9 might be involved in the pathogenesis of abortion. We found that the expression levels of Gal-9 in abortion-prone matings were lower than that for controls. Using a coculture system, we detected a Th1 preponderance in the coculture from abortion-prone matings. Furthermore, Gal-9 blockade augmented the imbalance of Th1/Th2 immunity in abortion-prone matings by promoting the secretion of Th1-derived cytokines in coculture, while there was a Th2 preponderance when we administered recombinant Gal-9. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Gal-9 signal is important for the regulation of PBMC function toward a Th2 bias at the maternal-fetal interface, which is beneficial for the maintenance of a normal pregnancy.

Excretion of Vitamin A in Urine of Women during Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complications

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Raila ◽  
Kerstin Wirth ◽  
Frank Chen ◽  
Ulrich Büscher ◽  
Joachim W. Dudenhausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Normal Pregnancy
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