Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines - But not Interferon-β - Produced in Response to HSV-2 in Primary Human Genital Epithelial Cells are Associated with Viral Replication and the Presence of the Virion Host Shutoff Protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Ferreira ◽  
Aisha Nazli ◽  
Karen L. Mossman ◽  
Charu Kaushic
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff Protein ◽  
Host Shutoff

scholarly journals Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Counteracts Viperin via Its Virion Host Shutoff Protein UL41

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (20) ◽  
pp. 12163-12166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shen ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
M. Cai ◽  
M.-l. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff Protein ◽  
Host Shutoff ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus VP16 forms a complex with the virion host shutoff protein vhs.

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 2339-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Smibert ◽  
B Popova ◽  
P Xiao ◽  
J P Capone ◽  
J R Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff Protein ◽  
Host Shutoff ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Herpes Simplex Virus Virion Host Shutoff Protein Is Stimulated by Translation Initiation Factors eIF4B and eIF4H

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 4684-4699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalyn C. Doepker ◽  
Wei-Li Hsu ◽  
Holly A. Saffran ◽  
James R. Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Encephalomyocarditis Virus ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Rnase Activity ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff Protein ◽  
Host Shutoff ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT The virion host shutoff protein (vhs) of herpes simplex virus triggers accelerated degradation of cellular and viral mRNAs while sparing other cytoplasmic RNA species. Previous work has shown that vhs forms a complex with translation initiation factor eIF4H, which displays detectable RNase activity in the absence of other viral or host proteins. However, the contributions of eIF4H and other host factors to the activity and mRNA targeting properties of vhs have not yet been directly examined. An earlier report from our laboratory demonstrated that rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) contains one or more factors that strongly stimulate the RNase activity of vhs produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report here that such yeast extracts display significant vhs-dependent RNase activity in the absence of mammalian factors. This activity differs from that displayed by vhs generated in RRL in that it is not targeted to the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Activity was strongly enhanced by the addition of RRL, eIF4H, or the related translation factor eIF4B. RRL also reconstituted strong targeting to the EMCV IRES, resulting in a major change in the RNA cleavage pattern. In contrast, eIF4H and eIF4B did not reconstitute IRES-directed targeting. These data indicate that eIF4B and 4H stimulate the nuclease activity of vhs, and they provide evidence that additional mammalian factors are required for targeting to the EMCV IRES.

scholarly journals Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Virion Host Shutoff Endoribonuclease Activity Is Required To Disrupt Stress Granule Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (17) ◽  
pp. 7943-7955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée L. Finnen ◽  
Mingzhao Zhu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Daniel Romo ◽  
Bruce W. Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Stress Granules ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff Protein ◽  
Host Shutoff ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 ◽  
Endoribonuclease Activity

ABSTRACTWe previously established that cells infected with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) are disrupted in their ability to form stress granules (SGs) in response to oxidative stress and that this disruption is mediated by virion host shutoff protein (vhs), a virion-associated endoribonuclease. Here, we test the requirement for vhs endoribonuclease activity in disruption of SG formation. We analyzed the ability of HSV-2 vhs carrying the point mutation D215N, which ablates its endoribonuclease activity, to disrupt SG formation in both transfected and infected cells. We present evidence that ablation of vhs endoribonuclease activity results in defects in vhs-mediated disruption of SG formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that preformed SGs can be disassembled by HSV-2 infection in a manner that requires vhs endoribonuclease activity and that, befitting this ability to promote SG disassembly, vhs is able to localize to SGs. Together these data indicate that endoribonuclease activity must be maintained in order for vhs to disrupt SG formation. We propose a model whereby vhs-mediated destruction of SG mRNA promotes SG disassembly and may also prevent SG assembly.IMPORTANCEStress granules (SGs) are transient cytoplasmic structures that form when a cell is exposed to stress. SGs are emerging as potential barriers to viral infection, necessitating a more thorough understanding of their basic biology. We identified virion host shutoff protein (vhs) as a herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) protein capable of disrupting SG formation. As mRNA is a central component of SGs and the best-characterized activity of vhs is as an endoribonuclease specific for mRNAin vivo, we investigated the requirement for vhs endoribonuclease activity in disruption of SG formation. Our studies demonstrate that endoribonuclease activity is required for vhs to disrupt SG formation and, more specifically, that SG disassembly can be driven by vhs endoribonuclease activity. Notably, during the course of these studies we discovered that there is an ordered departure of SG components during their disassembly and, furthermore, that vhs itself has the capacity to localize to SGs.

scholarly journals Role of the virion host shutoff protein in neurovirulence of monkey B virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1)

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darla Black ◽  
Jerry Ritchey ◽  
Mark Payton ◽  
Richard Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff Protein ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Host Shutoff ◽  
Monkey B Virus
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