scholarly journals Like a bat out of hell: Bats roosting in pit‐latrine cesspits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leejiah J. Dorward ◽  
Adam Stein ◽  
Charlotte Searle
Keyword(s):  
Waterlines ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 2242-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam H. A. van Eekert ◽  
Walter T. Gibson ◽  
Belen Torondel ◽  
Faraji Abilahi ◽  
Bernard Liseki ◽  
...  

Abstract In vitro methods were used to assess the full potential for decomposition (measured as biogas formation) from pit latrine samples taken from the top layer of 15 Tanzanian latrines. We found considerable variability in the decomposition rate and extent. This was compared with decomposition in the same latrines, measured by comparing top layer composition with fresh stools and deeper (older) layers, to assess whether this potential was realised in situ. Results showed a close match between the extent of organic material breakdown in situ and in vitro, indicating that anaerobic digestion is the dominant pathway in latrines. The average potential decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) (determined as methane production in vitro within 60 days) and actual measured decrease in situ are 68.9% ± 11.3 and 69.7% ± 19.4, respectively. However in the in vitro tests, where samples were diluted in water, full decomposition was achieved in 2 months, whereas in situ it can take years; this suggests that water addition may offer a simple route to improving latrine performance. The results also allowed us to estimate, for the first time to our knowledge using experimental data, the contribution that latrines make to greenhouse gas emissions globally. This amounts to ∼2% of annual US emissions.


Author(s):  
Drew Capone ◽  
Helen Buxton ◽  
Oliver Cumming ◽  
Robert Dreibelbis ◽  
Jackie Knee ◽  
...  

Water SA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Foxon ◽  
S Mkhize ◽  
M Reddy ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Chiposa ◽  
Rochelle H. Holm ◽  
Chimuleke Munthali ◽  
Russel C. G. Chidya ◽  
Francis L. de los Reyes

The urban areas of many low-income countries must balance a rising demand for pit latrines for household sanitation provision against limitations in space, resulting in a need for pit latrine emptying services. This study was undertaken in the peri-urban neighborhood of Area 1B in the city of Mzuzu, Malawi, to examine the characteristics of household pit latrines for designing and selecting pit latrine emptying tools. We used 150 structured household surveys and field observations. From this, a subset was selected and 30 manual cone penetrometer tests were conducted at full latrines. Chemical oxygen demand analysis was also performed for 14 pit latrines. The results indicated that in addition to serving as a disposal for fecal matter, 90% of households also used pit latrines for domestic waste. Only 10% of the studied pit latrines were lined. The filling rate in the study area is calculated to be about three years, and no respondents reported previous emptying. It is suggested pit latrine emptying technology development focuses on a maximum tool diameter of 10 cm to fit through the keyhole (squat hole) and height of 146 cm to fit inside the superstructure, as well as supporting unlined pits and the ability to pump trash.


Water SA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Bakare ◽  
CJ Brouckaert ◽  
KM Foxon ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Obeng ◽  
Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng ◽  
Bernard Keraita ◽  
Henrik Bregnhøj ◽  
Robert C. Abaidoo ◽  
...  

Abstract The ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine has the potential to address the challenge of access to improved sanitation in built-up low-income settings. However, its conventional technical design fails to address the needs and preferences of some users. The objective of this paper was to test the technical performance of modified engineering designs of the technology to respond to some preferences of toilet users. The entry of air from multiple windows in the superstructure and installation of insect screens in windows were tested in an experimental VIP latrine. The modified design achieved the recommended ventilation rate of 20 m3/h when a vent pipe diameter of 150 mm was used. The study concludes that adopting a multidirectional airflow design leads to a lower ventilation rate as compared to the conventional design. However, when fitted with the recommended size of vent pipe, this modified design achieves more than twice the recommended ventilation rate with or without an insect screen installed in the windows. Nevertheless, the practice in which 100 mm diameter vent pipes are used with insect screens installed in windows is likely to lead to odour problems due to inadequate ventilation through the vent pipe.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalitso Tembo James ◽  
Matanda Richard ◽  
Nzali Banda Ian ◽  
Mwanaumo Erastus ◽  
Nyirenda Edwin ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Farling ◽  
Tate Rogers ◽  
Jackie S. Knee ◽  
Elizabeth A. Tilley ◽  
Joe Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

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