Evaluation of habitat use and ecological carrying capacity for the reintroduced Eastern black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis michaeli ) in Ruma National Park, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Susan Anyango Oginah ◽  
Paul O. Ang’ienda ◽  
Patrick O. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

scholarly journals The reproductive success of black rhinoceroses in the Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoliswa N. Nhleko ◽  
Dan M. Parker ◽  
Dave J. Druce
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Target Period ◽  
The Mean

Black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) are endangered and the southern-central sub-species (Diceros bicornis minor) is considered critically endangered. We assessed the reproductive lifehistories of black rhinoceroses in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to determine whether this historically important donor sub-population was meeting regional reproductive targets. Detailed life-history information for known individuals (n = 79–120) was used to investigate reproductive parameters between 1998 and 2013. Mean age at sexual maturity was 12 years, which exceeded a target period of 7 years and 5 months. The mean inter-calving interval was 3 years and 8 months – 8 months longer than the recommended 3 years. The poor population performance of the HiP black rhinoceroses could be a result of poor habitat quality, poor animal condition, females losing their first calves, predation of calves or a negative social effect of annual live-harvesting of the population. However, we believe that the estimated ecological carrying capacity of black rhinoceroses at HiP (a figure used to ascertain whether the population can be harvested at all) may be incorrect, leading to the poor reproductive performance. We recommend that the accuracy of the ecological carrying capacity estimate be assessed as a matter of urgency and that a moratorium be placed on the live-harvesting of individuals until the estimate has been refined.Conservation implications: Our results provide key data which can be used to refine black rhinoceros breeding targets in South Africa and the region more broadly

Observations on the Pathology of Lesions Associated with Stephanofilaria dinniki Round, 1964 from the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tremlett
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Made In

In South Africa, a filarioid infestation has been associated with lesions in the skin of the black rhinoceros (Schulz and Kluge, 1960). Similar lesions had been reported earlier from Kenya, as consistently occurring in these animals but their aetiology was unknown (Spinage, 1960). Recently the opportunity occurred to examine lesion material from four black rhinoceros located in the Royal Tsavo National Park Kenya. From this material adult helminths were recovered and identified (Round, 1964), and further pathological studies made. In addition, one rhinoceros showed evidence of an otitis.

scholarly journals Lake Nakuru Black Rhinoceros Sanctuary

Oryx ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Christopher Lever
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Lake Nakuru ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

In an attempt to stem the decline of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in Kenya, the Rhino Rescue Charitable Appeal Trust was formed in England in 1985. Within a year work on the first sanctuary, in the Lake Nakuru National Park, had begun. The sanctuary was opened in 1987, when 17 rhinos from Mr Courtland Parfet's private ranch at Solio joined the wo animals already in Nakuru. A further 11 females are due to be added to the park shortly. Rhino Rescue, of which the author is a patron and trustee, is also developing its own education programme, and is contributing to other rhino sanctuaries in Kenya.

Trypanosomiasis and the conservation of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) at the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, Tsavo West National Park, Kenya

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE MIHOK ◽  
ELI MUNYOKI ◽  
ROBERT A. BRETT ◽  
JOHN F. JONYO ◽  
DIETTER RÖTTCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

scholarly journals Earless Diceros bicornis in the Etosha National Park, Namibia (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Petr Benda ◽  
Jaroslav Červený ◽  
Seth J. Eiseb ◽  
Marcel Uhrin
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Bilateral Absence

The syndrome of ear pinnae absence was recorded in three individuals of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) among 71 observed (4.2%) in the Etosha National Park, Namibia, during eight visits in 2013–2020. In two cases, the syndrome comprised bilateral absence of the pinna and certain damage of the tail, while in one case, only unilateral lack of the ear pinna was recorded without any damage of the other pinna and tail.

scholarly journals Behaviour and recruitment of translocated black rhinoceros diceros bicornis

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Hall-Martin ◽  
L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
High Population ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

Black rhinoceros were translocated to the Addo Ele- phant National Park from Kenya and released into a small fenced enclosure. Serious fighting attributed to the conditions under which the animals were released, the unusually high population density, the meeting of strange animals, aggression associated with mating and individual temperament resulted in the deaths of three animals within three weeks. Later fighting between bulls accounted for two more animals. A peak in mating activity was recorded during spring to mid-summer, followed by a peak calving period in late summer. The calving interval (35 months) is longer than that of unrestricted populations but ages at first mating in cows (4 years 6 months, 4 years 7 months) are comparable. First parturition at Addo occurs later (8 years, 8 years 5 months) than in wild animals and the young are hidden for the first few days after birth. Under conditions of stress a subadult bull readily took to swimming as a means of escaping from other animals.

scholarly journals Habitat changes reduce the carrying capacity of Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa, for Critically Endangered black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Reid ◽  
Rob Slotow ◽  
Owen Howison ◽  
Dave Balfour
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Habitat Changes ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Stocking Rates

AbstractThe Critically Endangered black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis occurs mainly in protected areas. Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa, contains a key source population for black rhino conservation, and declining population productivity has been attributed to negative habitat changes and a reduction in carrying capacity. As home range increase may be an index of declining habitat quality we determined the home ranges of the black rhino in the Park and compared these ranges with previous estimates. The average size of the home ranges during 1991–2001 was 23.07 ± SE 0.81 km2, which is 54% greater than in the 1980s. Sex and the availability of water did not influence home ranges. Home ranges decreased in winter. Female:male ratios varied across the Park, indicating that one or both sexes may prefer specific areas. Changes in vegetation structure and composition may have caused rhino to maintain larger ranges in order to meet their nutritional requirements. Ongoing review of stocking rates, population performance (including indicators such as range size), and intervention strategies are necessary to manage black rhino in dynamic savannah ecosystems.

scholarly journals Castration of a Black Rhinoceros Diceros Bicornis Minor

Koedoe ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V De Vos ◽  
H. H Braack
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Drastic Change ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

A black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) in the Addo Elephant National Park was castrated in order to prevent the possibility of an aotic inducing gene to be introduced into the Addo population. The classic castration technique was used. It was subsequently found that the rhino showed a drastic change in behaviour, and is at this stage predictably timid, which is not the case with his testis carrying compeers.

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