scholarly journals Examining Associations Between Licensed and Unlicensed Outlet Density and Cannabis Outcomes From Preopening to Postopening of Recreational Cannabis Outlets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Pedersen ◽  
Caislin L. Firth ◽  
Anthony Rodriguez ◽  
Regina A. Shih ◽  
Rachana Seelam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outlet Density

The combined impact of higher-risk on-license venue outlet density and trading hours on serious assaults in night-time entertainment precincts

2021 ◽  
pp. 108720
Author(s):  
Nicholas Taylor ◽  
Michael Livingston ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Richelle Mayshak ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Night Time ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Combined Impact

scholarly journals Using point-of-sale data to examine tobacco pricing across neighbourhoods in Scotland

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh K Shortt ◽  
Helena Tunstall ◽  
Richard Mitchell ◽  
Emma Coombes ◽  
Andy Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Price ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Total Sales

ObjectivesTo assess the geographical variation in tobacco price (cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco) in convenience stores across Scotland and how this relates to neighbourhood income deprivation, tobacco retail outlet density and urban/rural status.MethodsTobacco price data from 124 566 shopping baskets purchased in 274 convenience stores during 1 week in April 2018 were obtained through an electronic point-of-sale system. These data were combined with neighbourhood-level measures of income deprivation, tobacco retail outlet density and urban/rural status. We examined brand price for 12 of the most popular cigarette brands and 3 RYO brands and variations in purchases by price segment; multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between area variables and tobacco price.ResultsMost stores sold tobacco in all price segments. The lowest priced subvalue brands were the most popular in all neighbourhoods but were most dominant in shops in more deprived neighbourhoods. When total sales were assessed, overall purchase price varied significantly by neighbourhood income deprivation; packets of 20 cigarettes were 50 pence (5.6%) lower and RYO 34 pence (2.7%) lower among shops in the two highest income deprivation quintiles relative to the lowest. Analysis of individual brands showed that for 3 of the 12 cigarette brands considered, average prices were 12–17 pence lower in more deprived neighbourhoods with the most popular RYO brand 15 pence lower. There was limited evidence of a relationship with tobacco retail outlet density.ConclusionAcross Scottish convenience stores, the purchase price of cigarettes and RYO was lower in more income-deprived neighbourhoods. The lower prices primarily reflect greater sales of cheap brands in these areas, rather than retailers reducing the prices of individual brands.

Tobacco Outlet Density and Demographics at the Tract Level of Analysis in Iowa: Implications for Environmentally Based Prevention Initiatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Schneider ◽  
Robert J. Reid ◽  
N. Andrew Peterson ◽  
John B. Lowe ◽  
Joseph Hughey
Keyword(s):  
Outlet Density ◽  
Level Of Analysis

scholarly journals Impact of tobacco outlet density and proximity on smoking cessation: A longitudinal observational study in two English cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tha Han ◽  
Myriam Alexander ◽  
Aphrodite Niggebrugge ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
Theresa M. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Outlet Density

The Application of Spatial Analysis to the Public Health Understanding of Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Problems

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lipton ◽  
D. M. Gorman ◽  
Paul Gruenewald
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
General Context ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

This chapter describes research that uses spatial modeling to address pressing issues related to a public health understanding of alcohol problems and violence. First, we introduce the language of spatial analysis used in prevention work and discuss the details of spatial research that result in useful public health information, particularly in regard to alcohol-related problems. Issues such as geo-mapping, variable selection, and area definition are discussed in regard to community level occurrence of such problems. We then discuss the general context for understanding the geographic relationship between alcohol outlet density and violent crime. Finally, we give a specific example of an analysis focusing on alcohol outlets and violence. This work is related to the major goal of studying the community geography of alcohol problems by mapping the alcohol environment, relating these features of the environment to the spatial distribution of problem events, and analyzing the statistical associations between these measures and drinking behaviors.

Spatiotemporal patterns of alcohol outlets and violence: A spatially heterogeneous Markov chain analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832096556
Author(s):  
Ran Wei ◽  
Tony H Grubesic ◽  
Wei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Outlet Density

Alcohol-related violence remains a serious social and public health problem in the United States. A large corpus of work suggests a positive statistical relationship between alcohol outlet density and violence. However, questions remain as to how neighborhood violence evolves in response to varying access to alcohol outlets. This paper introduces an approach for analyzing the spatial and temporal dynamics of violence and its association with alcohol outlets by embedding the evolution of assault events and outlet density within a spatially heterogeneous Markov chain framework. This framework enables the exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics of alcohol outlets and violence and controls for potentially confounding impacts and spatial heterogeneity. Using a case study at the block group level in Seattle, Washington, the results of this paper suggest that violence is spatially heterogeneous at the local level and locations with sparsely distributed alcohol outlets are less likely to see an increase in violence when compared to areas with higher densities of outlets. Further, the modeling approach helps identify locations that might “tip” into more violent conditions if more outlets were allowed to operate. This paper concludes with a brief discussion of how the methods and results can help improve the management, licensing, and policy development for alcohol outlets in a community.

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