scholarly journals Evidence for Association between SH2B1 Gene Variants and Glycated Hemoglobin in Nondiabetic European American Young Adults: The Add Health Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Lange ◽  
Mariaelisa Graff ◽  
Ethan M. Lange ◽  
Kristin L. Young ◽  
Andrea S. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
European American ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
American Young Adults

Abstract P262: Evidence for association between SH2B1 gene variants and glycated hemoglobin in non-diabetic European American young adults: The Add Health study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Lange ◽  
Misa Graff ◽  
Ethan M Lange ◽  
Kristin M Young ◽  
Kathleen M Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
European American ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment

Introduction: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a marker of long-term glycemic control, and elevated HbA1c is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Few genome-wide association studies(GWAS) have been performed for HbA1c, although very large scale GWAS for obesity, a related trait, have identified multiple loci that have been widely replicated. We tested 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 41 well-established obesity susceptibility gene regions for association with HbA1c in a nationally representative sample of European American (EA), African American (AA) and Hispanic American (HA) young adults. Methods: We performed association analysis in race-stratified models using data from participants (age 24-34 years, median age=28 years) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Study (n = 5641 EA; n = 1740 AA; n = 1444 HA) without type 2 diabetes. We tested for additive genotype effects at each locus using linear mixed models, including a random intercept for school and family clusters, and two levels of covariate adjustment (model 1: age, sex, smoking, and geographic region; model 2: model 1 covariates plus BMI). We used Bonferroni adjustment for 43 SNPs and considered P < 0.0011 to be statistically significant. Results: Means (SD) for HbA1c % across the sample were 5.4(0.3) in EA, 5.7(0.4) in AA, and 5.5(0.3) in HA. We observed significant evidence for association with HbA1c for two SNPs near SH2B1 in EAs (rs4788102, P = 2.2x10-4; rs7359397, P = 9.8x10-4) for the model 1 adjustment, although both results were slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI (rs4788102, P = 1.7x10-3; rs7359397, P = 4.6x10-3). No SNPs reached statistical significance after multiple test correction in either AAs or HAs. SH2B1 rs4788102 was nominally significant in AAs for the BMI-adjusted model (P = 0.02), although the estimated direction of effect was in the opposite direction as that observed in EAs. Conclusions: These results suggest that polymorphisms in the obesity gene SH2B1 , for which rare deletions and mutations have been observed in obese individuals with extremely high insulin resistance, are associated with HbA1c in EA young adults. Our findings further suggest these associations are largely independent of BMI.

Family support and prosocial behaviors in U. S. Mexican and European American young adults : the intervening roles of respect and sociocognitive/emotive traits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cara Streit
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
European American ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Sibling Support ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
American Young Adults

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] The primary aim of this study is to consider mothers, fathers, and siblings as socialization agents of young adult's prosocial behaviors and to consider the mediating roles of cultural values and sociocognitive/emotive traits. In order to build on previous work, these relations are examined in a sample of European American and U.S. Latino young adults. The final sample included 184 U.S. Latino (N = 143, 78.6 % female; M age = 20.68, SD =2.05) and 348 European American young adults (N = 275, 79.5 % female; M age = 19.52, SD =1.11). Results from path analyses demonstrate complex and differential predictors associated with prosocial behaviors, as distinguished by the target of helping. Cultural values and young adults' sociocognitive and emotive traits largely served as underlying mechanisms in the relations between family support and prosocial behaviors, although these relations were differentiated by the target of helping. There was also evidence for the moderating role of young adults' gender in the model assessing prosocial behaviors toward family members, such that for men, there were several indirect and direct effects of paternal support (but not maternal or sibling support) in fostering prosocial behaviors toward family members. Discussion will focus on the integration of socialization, cognitive developmental, and cultural theories in predicting prosocial behaviors towards different helping targets.

scholarly journals Self-rated health among multiracial young adults in the United States: findings from the add health study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-511
Author(s):  
Karen M. Tabb ◽  
Amelia R. Gavin ◽  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Hsiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Add Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Self Rated Health

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV Infection Among Young Adults in the United States: Results From the Add Health Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Morris ◽  
Mark S. Handcock ◽  
William C. Miller ◽  
Carol A. Ford ◽  
John L. Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Add Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study

scholarly journals Implementing Self-Collection of Biological Specimens with a Diverse Sample

Field Methods ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Fernandes ◽  
Martie L. Skinner ◽  
Tiffany Woelfel ◽  
Thomas Carpenter ◽  
Kevin P. Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
European American ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Collection Strategies ◽  
American Young Adults

Collecting saliva is the most noninvasive way to detect changing levels of cortisol, a stress hormone of interest to behavioral and health scientists, where there are benefits from multiple samples taken over a period of days. Various self-collection strategies have been employed, ranging from treated cards to cotton swabs and passive drool methods. The current study investigates the effectiveness of a variety of reminder techniques in encouraging adherence to procedures requiring four samples per day on 3 separate days of passive drool collection among African American and European American young adults. The findings suggest that direct texts were associated with the greatest level of adherence, while phone reminders were most effective when controlling for total number of contacts. Results indicate that both traditional and novel reminder methods can positively influence adherence, even with challenging populations.

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