Detection and monitoring of ‘ Candidatus ’ Liberibacter spp. vectors: African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in citrus groves in East Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409
Author(s):  
Owusu F. Aidoo ◽  
Chrysantus M. Tanga ◽  
Samira A. Mohamed ◽  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Steve B. S. Baleba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Trioza Erytreae ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Insecticide sprays, natural enemy assemblages and predation on Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Monzo ◽  
J.A. Qureshi ◽  
P.A. Stansly
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Predator Exclusion ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is considered a key citrus pest due to its role as vector of ‘huanglongbing’ (HLB) or citrus greening, probably the most economically damaging disease of citrus. Insecticidal control of the vector is still considered a cornerstone of HLB management to prevent infection and to reduce reinoculation of infected trees. The severity of HLB has driven implementation of intensive insecticide programs against ACP with unknown side effects on beneficial arthropod fauna in citrus agroecosystems. We evaluated effects of calendar sprays directed against this pest on natural enemy assemblages and used exclusion to estimate mortality they imposed on ACP populations in citrus groves. Predator exclusion techniques were used on nascent colonies of D. citri in replicated large untreated and sprayed plots of citrus during the four major flushing periods over 2 years. Population of spiders, arboreal ants and ladybeetles were independently assessed. Monthly sprays of recommended insecticides for control of ACP, adversely affected natural enemy populations resulting in reduced predation on ACP immature stages, especially during the critical late winter/early spring flush. Consequently, projected growth rates of the ACP population were greatest where natural enemies had been adversely affected by insecticides. Whereas, this result does not obviate the need for insecticidal control of ACP, it does indicate that even a selective regimen of sprays can impose as yet undetermined costs in terms of reduced biological control of this and probably other citrus pests.

A Review of Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) Management in Citrus Using Nutritional Approaches in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulu Xia ◽  
Gecheng Ouyang ◽  
Ronald A. Sequeira ◽  
Yu Takeuchi ◽  
Ignacio Baez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

The Asian form of huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las),’ a phloem-limited bacterium transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Nutrient management, together with other cultural practices such as pruning and irrigation, for mitigation of the disease has been practiced in China for many years. Our literature review, field survey, and interviews with Chinese scientists and growers indicate that these cultural practices were generally ineffective for the disease management. However, a nutritional approach in conjunction with other cultural practices such as irrigation can maintain grove productivity for a certain time depending on the type of citrus species/cultivars, the age of the trees, the propagation method of the plants, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) population, and other factors. Symptomatic mature pommelo (Citrus maxima Merr) and sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) plants can commonly survive and maintain a certain level of productivity for an additional 4 to 5 years, even longer assuming vigorous ACP control. Accepted for publication 27 June 2011. Published 3 October 2011.

scholarly journals Tracing Penicillin Movement in Citrus Plants Using Fluorescence-Labeled Penicillin

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Nabil Killiny ◽  
Pedro Gonzalez-Blanco ◽  
Yulica Santos-Ortega ◽  
Fuad Al-Rimawi ◽  
Amit Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

Huánglóngbìng (HLB), citrus greening, is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus plants worldwide. In North America, HLB is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. No cure exists at present, and the use of antibiotics for the control of HLB has gained interest due to the significant losses to the citrus industry. Because of unsatisfactory results when using foliar applications of antibiotics, concerns were raised regarding the uptake and translocation of these materials within trees. We, therefore, investigated a method that allows us to study the movement of antibiotic materials in citrus plants. Herein, we utilized a fluorescence-labeled penicillin, BOCILLIN™ FL-Penicillin (FL-penicillin), to study the uptake and translocation of penicillin in citrus plants. FL-penicillin was applied by puncture to the stem of young citrus seedlings and was traced by using fluorescence microscopy. After application, we detected FL-penicillin in the leaves and in the stem xylem and phloem tissues above and below the application site in both intact and partially bark-girdled citrus seedlings, indicating that it is easily taken up and transported through the plant vascular system. In addition, we detected FL-penicillin in the gut of D. citri, which were allowed to feed on the treated plants, suggesting translocation of this molecule into the vascular tissue. We propose that the use of fluorescent-labeled molecules could be an effective tool for understanding the uptake and translocation of antibiotics and other macromolecules in plants and insects.

scholarly journals Low Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Murraya paniculata and Associated Diaphorina citri

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail J. Walter ◽  
David G. Hall ◽  
Yong Ping Duan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
A Minor

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus worldwide. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is the prevalent species of three HLB-associated Liberibacter spp., which is vectored by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. The vector and the bacteria have host plants outside the genus Citrus, and these plants have the potential to affect disease epidemiology within citrus groves. Murraya paniculata could be especially problematic because it is a popular ornamental plant and a host of both psyllid and bacteria. We conducted a year-long survey of eight urban plantings of M. paniculata in east-central Florida to characterize ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection rates in plants and associated psyllids. Using sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers targeting two prophage genes of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’, we found infection to be extremely low: less than 1% of psyllids and 1.8% of plants. With qPCR primers targeting ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ 16S rDNA, none of the plants and only one psyllid were ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-positive. Therefore, the titer of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ is low in M. paniculata and associated psyllids. These results suggest that urban plantings of M. paniculata may serve as a minor source of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ inoculum.

scholarly journals Partial Genome Sequence of a Novel Reo-Like Virus Detected in Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) Populations from Florida Citrus Groves

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellee Britt ◽  
Kristian Stevens ◽  
Samantha Gebben ◽  
Amit Levy ◽  
Maher Al Rwahnih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Partial Genome Sequence ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Partial Genome

This report describes the partial (nearly complete) genome sequence of a novel reo-like virus tentatively named Diaphorina citri Cimodo-like virus. This putative virus has 10 double-stranded RNA segments and was detected in Asian citrus psyllid ( Diaphorina citri ) populations collected from Florida commercial citrus groves.

scholarly journals The Detection and Surveillance of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)—Associated Viruses in Florida Citrus Groves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellee Britt ◽  
Samantha Gebben ◽  
Amit Levy ◽  
Maher Al Rwahnih ◽  
Ozgur Batuman
Keyword(s):  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Florida Citrus

Genetic variation and structure of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in populations from México

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Laura Izascum Pérez-Valencia ◽  
Andrew P Michel ◽  
Gustavo Moya-Raygoza ◽  
Aarón Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Multiple Invasions

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is native to Asia but has recently invaded North America. Asian citrus psyllid is a significant pest of citrus crops by its direct feeding but, more importantly, as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, which causes Huanglongbing disease. Asian citrus psyllid was first found in México in 2001 and 2002 and, since then, has spread quickly across the country, suggesting rapid adaptation to new environments. Yet, we lack information on the genetic variation and structure that could facilitate or inhibit adaptation. Using six microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic variation and structure among six localities in México: three in western states near the Pacific coast and two in the Yucatán Peninsula near the Gulf of México. We found low genetic diversity (no more than three alleles per locus) and intermediate differentiation between all populations. Asian citrus psyllid populations clustered into two genetic groups, but, surprisingly, these clusters were present in western populations. The first group included El Arenal, and the second group included Autlán de Navarro, Colima, and Tecomán. Interestingly, both of the Yucatán populations shared variation from the two clusters, suggesting admixture. We infer that reproductive isolation, barriers to gene flow, local selection, and the possibility of multiple invasions have influenced the current genetic structure of Asian citrus psyllid in México.

scholarly journals Silencing of Aquaporin Homologue Accumulates Uric Acid and Decreases the Lifespan of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Yulica Santos-Ortega ◽  
Nabil Killiny
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Good Target ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is devastating the citrus industry worldwide. It transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the pathogen of Huanglongbing in citrus. RNA interference is an excellent tool for functional genomics and for screening target genes for pest control. Herein, we silenced the aquaporin (AQP) gene (DcAQP) homologue in D. citri to study its functionality and whether it could be a good target for a control strategy. AQP is an integral membrane channel protein that aids in the rapid flux of water and other small solutes that move across the lipid membrane. In Hemiptera, it is well established that AQP plays important roles in adjusting to physiological challenges including (1) regulating osmotic stress between the gut lumen and hemolymph after imbibing large quantities of a low nitrogen, sugar-rich liquid diet; (2) avoiding or preventing dehydration and desiccation; and (3) surviving at elevated temperatures. The dsRNA-DcAQP was applied twice to nymphs of the 4th and 5th instars through a soaking technique. Silencing AQP caused a significant increase in nymph mortality. Emerged adults showed malformations and a shorter lifespan. Silencing DcAQP provoked alterations in some metabolites and increased the uric acid content in emerged adults. DcAQP could be a useful target to control D. citri.

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