Differential sunlight exposure affects settling behaviour of hemlock woolly adelgid crawlers

This study was designed to explore the relationship between sunlight exposure and the mechanical properties of paragliding fabrics which have different colors, densities, yarn counts, and coating materials. This study exposed 5 different colors of paragliding fabrics (red, turquoise, dark blue, orange, and white) to intense sunlight for 150 hours during the summer from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the UV radiation aging process, the air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and bursting strength tests were performed. Test results were also evaluated using statistical methods. According to the results, the fading of the turquoise fabric was found to be the highest among the studied fabrics. It was determined that there is a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabrics after sunlight exposure. After aging, the fabrics become considerably weaker in the case of mechanical properties due to the degradation in both the dyestuff and macromolecular structure of the fiber

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Effect of Starch on the Flocculation and Settling Behaviour of Titanium Dioxide Suspensions

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1974.017 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 154-171

Author(s):

S.N. Ray ◽

C. Hsi ◽

B.C. -Y. Lu

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Settling Velocity ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Paper Making ◽

Jar Test ◽

Settling Behaviour ◽

Dimensionless Function ◽

Flocculation Rate

Abstract This study concerns the problem of removal of suspended solids from the effluent streams of paper mills by chemical treatment. As titanium dioxide is one of the ingredients used in paper mills and present in the effluent streams, its flocculation and settling behaviour were investigated. Jar test experiments were conducted using alum and organic polyelectrolyte as the flocculants. As starch is also used in the paper making process, its influence on the flocculation and settling behaviour of titanium dioxide was conducted with the concentration of starch varying between 0–3% of the dry solids. The experimental results on flocculation are expressed in terms of dimensionless function Gθϕ and flocculation rate constants. The fraction of solids settled is presented in terms of the settling velocity. Concentration of starch was found to have a significant influence. The amount of alum required could be reduced by 75% by using starch 0.6% of the amount of titanium dioxide in the suspension and at the same time improving the settling velocity two folds. A possible application of this finding in pollution abatement is discussed.

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Characterization and treatability studies of cigarette industry wastewaters: a case study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0485 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (2-3) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

G. Bozarslan ◽

S. K. Çelebi ◽

F. Sengül

Keyword(s):

Chemical Treatment ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Continuous System ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Fenton Reagent ◽

Cigarette Industry ◽

Settling Behaviour ◽

Characterization Studies

In this study, the wastewater of one of the cigarette factories in Izmir was characterized and treatability studies were done. The characterization studies of the wastewater showed that the COD, and the pH changes drastically. The chemical treatability studies of the influent wastewater were done by using Ca(OH)2, FeCl3 and Fenton Reagent. The optimum dose of FeCI3 was determined by jar tests. When using Ca(OH)2, the best flocculation, settling behaviour, and the highest COD removal occurred around pH 11. The optimum doses of Fenton Reagent (FeSO4 and H2O2) were determined. The supernatants of the previously chemically treated wastewaters were used for biological treatment. According to total COD removal efficiencies and the amount of sludge production during chemical treatment, FeCl3 was found to be the most economical and effective coagulant. Chemical treatment units were designed for a batch and a continuous system. The batch system has more advantages than a continuous system in this case.

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THE EFFECT OF HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION ON THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF EASTERN HEMLOCK FOREST SOILS

10.1130/abs/2016ne-272867 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph M. Balnis ◽

◽

Nicole K. Mehr ◽

Brian W. Redder ◽

Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽

Eastern Hemlock

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The psychotropic effect of vitamin D supplementation on schizophrenia symptoms

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03308-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aras Neriman ◽

Yilmaz Hakan ◽

Ucuncu Ozge

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Sunlight Exposure ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Serum 25Ohd ◽

Vitamin D Receptors ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease involving interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Vitamin D has recently been linked to many metabolic diseases and schizophrenia. Vitamin D plays essential roles in the brain in the context of neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, neuroprotection, and neurotransmission. Vitamin D receptors are demonstrated in most brain regions that are related to schizophrenia. However, very few studies in the literature examine the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) on schizophrenia symptoms. Methods This study aimed to examine the effects of vitamin D replacement on positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Serum 25OHD levels of 52 schizophrenia patients were measured. SANS and SAPS were used to evaluate the severity of schizophrenia symptoms, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: CV4 was used for cognitive assessment. The study was completed with 40 patients for various reasons. The patients whose serum 25OHD reached optimal levels after vitamin D replacement were reevaluated with the same scales in terms of symptom severity. The SPSS 25 package program was used for statistical analysis. The Independent-Samples t-test was used to examine the relationship between the variables that may affect vitamin D levels and the vitamin D level and to examine whether vitamin D levels had an initial effect on the scale scores. Results The mean plasma 25OHD levels of the patients was 17.87 ± 5.54. A statistically significant relationship was found only between the duration of sunlight exposure and 25 OHD level (p < 0.05). The mean SANS and SAPS scores of the participants after 25OHD replacement (23.60 ± 15.51 and 7.78 ± 8.84, respectively) were statistically significantly lower than mean SANS and SAPS scores before replacement (51.45 ± 17.96 and 18.58 ± 15.59, respectively) (p < 0.001 for all). Only the total attention score was significantly improved after replacement (p < 0.05). Conclusion The data obtained from our study suggest that eliminating the 25OHD deficiency together with antipsychotic treatment can improve the total attention span and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The 25OHD levels should be regularly measured, replacement should be started when necessary, and the patients should be encouraged to get sunlight exposure to keep optimal 25OHD levels.

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Protective effects of sunlight exposure against PRK‐induced myopia in infant rhesus monkeys

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics ◽

10.1111/opo.12826 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaowei Yang ◽

Yifang Yang ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Qi Wei ◽

Hui Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Sunlight Exposure ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Infant Rhesus

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