scholarly journals Do natural enemies really make a difference? Field scale impacts of parasitoid wasps and hoverfly larvae on cereal aphid populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ramsden ◽  
Rosa Menendez ◽  
Simon Leather ◽  
Felix Wäckers
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Difference Field ◽  
Aphid Populations

scholarly journals Effects of pest control on aphids and theirs natural enemies in maize stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Václav Psota ◽  
Vladimír Hula
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syrphid Flies ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
Correlative Relationship ◽  
Aphid Populations

Over the period of July to September 2005 effects of insecticide Integro with the effective substance methoxifenozide and biological preparation Trichoplus using parasitoid wasps Trichogramma evanescens and T. pintoi were evaluated in maize stands. These natural enemies of aphids were recorded in monitored fields (located in South Moravia, Czech Republic): parasitoids of genera Aphidius and Praon (Hymenopetra, Aphidiidae), predatory syrphid flies (Diptera, Syrphidae), ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), Orius bugs (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae), Green Lacewing – Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) and spiders (Araneida). No significant difference (T = 0.003; F = 4.894; P = 0.004) in popu­lations of aphids and their antagonists was found in the studied variants (Integro, Trichoplus). More remarkable differences were found only soon after spraying with Integro. Syrphid flies pupae decreased by 41% in the Integro variant, and by 13% in the Trichoplus variant. Ladybird larvae did not occur in the Integro variant after spraying, there where 0.12 ladybird larvae on plant in the Trichoplus variant. Number of ladybird adults increased from 0.01 to 0.53 individuals per plant in the Trichoplus variant, but from 0.03 to 0.1 individuals in the Integro variant. Number of ladybird pupae decreased from 0.32 to 0.02 pupae per plant in the Integro variant, but it has increased from 0.04 to 0.54 in the Trichoplus variant. Correlative relationship between ladybird adult growing coefficient and aphid populations in the Trichoplus variant was found.

Effects of the Ant, Lasius niger (L.), on the Behaviour and Reproduction of the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scop

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Aphid Populations

SummaryCage experiments confirmed that, in the absence of natural enemies, populations of Aphis fabae Scop., attended on bean plants (Vicia faba) by the ant, Lasius niger (L.), multiply more rapidly than otherwise similar but ant-free populations. The average difference in numbers recorded, was about one-third, the maximum being 70 per cent. No doubling or trebling of aphid numbers as claimed by an earlier worker was ever recorded.When the Aphids are attended by ants, their excretion behaviour alters and the normal dispersal of the apterae from the young apical growth of bean plants is considerably delayed.No significant differences were found between the numbers of nymphs produced by individual Aphids from ant-visited and ant-free plants, respectively, living on leaves of the same age; but the numbers were significantly affected by the age of the leaf or part of the plant on which the Aphids had developed or were then feeding.It is suggested that ant-attended aphid populations multiply more rapidly because most of the Aphids feed for a much longer time on young plant tissue where, presumably, their food supply is more nutritious.

scholarly journals Scale-dependent environmental filtering of ground-dwelling predators in winter wheat and adjacent set-aside areas in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-763
Author(s):  
Jana Růžičková ◽  
Ferenc Kádár ◽  
Ottó Szalkovszki ◽  
Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki ◽  
András Báldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Activity Density

Abstract Agricultural intensification may act as an environmental filter shaping invertebrate assemblages at multiple spatial scales. However, it is not fully understood which scale is the most influential. Therefore, we utilized a hierarchical approach to examine the effect of local management (inorganic fertilization and soil properties; within-field scale), habitat type (winter wheat field and set-aside field; between-field scale) and landscape complexity (landscape scale) on assemblage structure and functional diversity of two important groups of natural enemies, carabids and spiders, in a cultivated lowland landscape in Hungary. Environmental filtering affected natural enemies at different spatial scales; likely as a result of enemies’ different dispersal ability and sensitivity to fertilizer use. Carabids were strongly affected at the within-field scale: positively by soil pH, negatively by soil organic matter and fertilization. At the between-field scale, carabids had higher activity density in the set-aside fields than in the winter wheat fields and simple landscapes enhanced carabids diversity, species richness and activity density at the landscape scale. Spiders were more abundant and species-rich in the set-aside fields than in the winter wheat fields. Although highly mobile (macropterous) carabids might disperse to arable crops from greater distances, while spiders possibly depended more on the proximity of set-aside fields, the winter wheat fields (where pest control should be delivered) were utilized mostly by common agrobiont species. Increasing crop heterogeneity within arable fields could be a potential option to increase the diversity of carabids and spiders in the studied region.

scholarly journals A large-scale field study of bacterial communities in cereal aphid populations across Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Fakhour ◽  
Jérôme Ambroise ◽  
François Renoz ◽  
Vincent Foray ◽  
Jean-Luc Gala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Aphid Populations

A GENERAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING CEREAL APHID POPULATIONS IN SMALL GRAIN FIELDS BASED ON FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Hein ◽  
N.C. Elliott ◽  
G.J. Michels ◽  
R.W. Kieckhefer
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Single Set ◽  
General Method ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractSimilarities in population parameters among aphid species led us to investigate the potential for a single set of parameters that can be used to develop a ‘generic’ sampling plan for multiple small grain aphid species. A weighted average for the slope and intercept used to relate the proportion of infested tillers to the number of aphids per tiller was determined from the data in 15 published reports. These average parameter estimates were used to predict the number of aphids per tiller in 48 wheat fields sampled for four aphid species. The predicted estimates were regressed on the observed estimates with neither slopes nor intercepts differing significantly from one or zero, respectively. Therefore, it appears the single model is adequate for predicting aphid density for the aphid species tested.

Responses of summer cereal aphid populations to reduced rate aphicide applications in field plots of winter wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Oakley ◽  
S. A. Ellis ◽  
M. Watling ◽  
K. F. A. Walters ◽  
J. E. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Aphid Populations

Assessing the impact of arthropod natural enemies on crop pests at the field scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Macfadyen ◽  
Andrew P. Davies ◽  
Myron P. Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
The Impact

Management of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and their natural enemies in winter wheat by alternate strip spraying with a selective insecticide

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Selective Insecticide ◽  
Similar Peak

AbstractThe effect on aphid population development of creating natural enemy refuges by spraying only alternate strips of winter wheat with the aphid-specific insecticide pirimicarb at 140 g a.i./ha was compared with those in an unsprayed and a completely sprayed block in south-eastern England. The numbers of Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) increased rapidly in the unsprayed block and in the unsprayed strips to reach similar peak densities in early August. Natural enemy activity was similar in these two areas, indicating negligible movement of predators and parasitoids from the sprayed strips to the unsprayed strips. Instead, aphids re-colonized the sprayed strips more quickly than the sprayed block, and the peak density in the former was similar to those in the unsprayed areas.

Super-predation and intraguild interactions in a multi-predator-one-prey system alter the abundance and behaviour of green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Mouhammad Shadi Khudr ◽  
Lea Fliegner ◽  
Oksana Y. Buzhdygan ◽  
Susanne Wurst
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Parasteatoda Tepidariorum ◽  
Intraguild Interactions ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Combination Number ◽  
Aphid Populations

Abstract The dynamics of interactions amongst natural enemies are central to the investigation of insect pest ecology. Ternary and quaternary interactions between parasitoids and predators in the presence of entomophagous organisms are yet to be comprehensively explored. We investigated the performance of a clone of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer); Hemiptera: Aphididae), raised on savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea Linnaeus; Brassicaceae), under all possible combinations of: I) the parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); II) the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); III) the predator Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); and IV) the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Koch) (Araneae: Theridiidae). We demonstrate a considerably differential green peach aphid abundance, polyphenism, and fine-scale spatial distribution in response to the combination, number, and identity of the present enemy species and their interactions. Surprisingly, certain combinations led to thriving green peach aphid populations due to interference between enemies; whereas, other combinations resulted in tangible collective suppression of the population. At the frontier of agroecology and entomology, we provide fresh insights on the effects of conflict and synergy between natural enemies sharing a pest of a cash crop as prey, highlighting the consequences of the presence of a novel synanthropic spider, as a top predator, on pest regulation.

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