Trophic web associated with the South American tomato mothTuta absoluta: implications for its conservation biological control in Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia G. Salas Gervassio ◽  
María G. Luna ◽  
Sangmi Lee ◽  
Adriana Salvo ◽  
Norma E. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Trophic Web

scholarly journals First Record of the South American Leafminer Liriomyzα huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ν. Ε. Roditakis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
First Record ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Pupal Parasitoids ◽  
Bean Leaves

In mid autumn 1992 the South American leaf-miner Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) was firstly recorded on greenhouse cucumbers, melons, beans and outdoor beans, broad beans and lettuce in the following locations of Crete: 1) Mires, Tymbaki, Antiskari at Messara valley of Southern Crete 2) Filissia in the midland and 3) Platanias and Kokini Chani in Northern Crete. The following year L. huidobrensis had spread all over Crete (Ierapetra, Stomion, Koutsoura, Chania etc.) while melon and potato leaves which were sent to our laboratory from mainland Greece, Pirgos (Peloponissos) and Chalkida (Evia island), were found heavily damaged by the same leafmincr. The different types of mines (it usually mines the leaf alongside the veins), the colour of pupae (blackish) and the sudden attack of some plants (lettuce, broad beans, onions) which have never been damaged by the known local leafminers as yet, indicated that it was a newly introduced species. The new leafminer alerted the growers due to the high crop losses on outdoor and greenhouse vegetables (lettuce, broad beans, beans etc) despite the frequent application of registered insecticides. In the following year an extensive survey started to investigate its distribution and host plant in the greenhouses and outdoor vegetables and ornamentals in Crete. L. huidobrensis, a quarantine insect, is a polyphagous leafminer distributed in most biogeographical regions. It is native in South American countries from which it was spread soon in North America, Asia and Europe. In Europe it was first noticed in Holland, England and France in 1989 causing considerable damage to vegetables and ornamentals. It mines the spongy mesophyll reducing the photosynthesis more than the other leafminers. This type of mines is not easily visible, unless the leaf is observed through transmitted sunlight or artificial light. This method was applied to ensure accurate detection of larvae and their parasitoids under a stereoscope. In our observations we found mines in leaves and cucumber fruits as well. Studies of its life cycle on greenhouse beans and melons revealed that most pupae (98%) remain on the bean leaves outside a hole in the autumn, while a few fall on the ground. The number of pupae collected from ten leaves per 24h was: 5.7±1.6 on lettuce, 17.07±4.1 on beans, 24.2±7.3 on melon, 6.0±2 on broad bean leaves. During the survey the following host plants were recorded: Chemical control could be effective by applying certain insecticides (abamectin, triazophos, imidacloprid, heptenophos etc.) while biological control seems to be rather effective by the known parasitoids, which are already used against the tomato leafminer Liriomyza bryoniae Kalt. Biological control of L. huidobrensis was effective on lettuce by means of repeated releases of Dacnusa sibirica Telenga and Diglyphus isaea (Walker) but so far native parasitoids proved to be able to control the pest. Mass trapping with coloured sticky traps seems to be also a potential method in IPM programmes. The mortality of pupae collected from heavily treated greenhouse plants with insecticides varied from 65 to 74% while that of untreated plants was between 18-25%. No pupal parasitoids were recorded but D. isaea and D. sibirica were both recorded as larval parasitoids. D. isaea was abundant all over the year while D. sibirica only in spring-summer period. These two parasitoids were able, in certain cases, to control sufficiently the leaf miner in untreated greenhouse cucumber and bean plants. The neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) applied on outdoor tomatoes in Antiskari (Southern Crete) proved harmless both on hymenoptera and on the mirid predator Macrolophus caliginogus Wagner. Despite its weak larvicide action on L. huidobrensis it was very effective in conjuction with parasitoids consisting of a promising candidate in IPM programmes.

scholarly journals Can ants contribute to the conservative biological control of the south american fruit fly?

2019 ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenon Morales Abeijon ◽  
Alexandra Peter Kruger ◽  
Junir Antonio Lutinski ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Fruit Fly

Biological Control Strategies for the South American Tomato Moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Greenhouse Tomatoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2085-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Cabello ◽  
Juan R. Gallego ◽  
Francisco J. Fernandez ◽  
Manuel Gamez ◽  
Enric Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Tomato Moth ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins ofMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Iline ◽  
C.B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
South American ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
The South ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isozyme ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis

AbstractThe thelytokous parasitoid,Microctonus hyperodaeLoan, was collected from eight South American locations and introduced to New Zealand in 1991 for biological control of Argentine stem weevil,Listronotus bonariensis(Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Parasitoids from each population were released in equal numbers at each New Zealand site to give them the same opportunities to establish. Population markers have been sought to identify the South American geographic populations that have become most successful in New Zealand. These would assist in determining the importance of concepts such as climate matching and host–parasitoid coevolution to the establishment of natural enemies in new regions for biological control. Vertical polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to survey 16 enzymes and ten calcium binding proteins, and this paper reports variation at three putative loci. Malate dehydrogenase, a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase isozyme and a calcium binding protein exhibited clear genetic variation, each with two alleles. AllM. hyperodaeisofemale lines from east of the Andes mountains shared one genotype, all but one from west of the Andes shared another, while a population from within the Andes contained both genotypes. This variation was highly congruent with previously described morphometric variation. At two loci, the maintenance of heterozygotes, and the absence of homozygotes, within isofemale lines suggestedM. hyperodaethelytoky is apomictic.

Cnidochloa: A New Genus of Grasses from Brazil (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Fernando O. Zuloaga ◽  
Sandra S. Aliscioni ◽  
M. Amalia Scataglini
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Generic boundaries of the South American species Panicum longipedicellatum Swallen are explored and compared with allied genera of the tribe Paniceae. On the basis of morphological, anatomical, and molecular characters a new genus, Cnidochloa Zuloaga, is proposed. The phylogenetic position of the new genus within the Paniceae is evaluated.

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