Non-Residential Capital Stock in Latin America, 1875-2008: New Estimates and International Comparisons

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Tafunell ◽  
Cristián Ducoing
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Residential Capital

Qualitative Research Approaches to Educational Inequality in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria F. Almeida ◽  
Sandra Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
And Gender

International comparisons demonstrate considerable educational inequality across Latin America. Since the return of democracy in the region in the mid-1980s, these educational disparities have become an important object of studies and public policies, not least because educational inequality reflects, and entrenches, deep social inequalities across the region. Studies of this phenomenon are multifaceted, with distinctions between qualitative and quantitative approaches corresponding to distinct disciplinary fields (sociology, psychology, history versus economics, notably), university departments (colleges of education, sociology departments versus economics departments), and gender (women versus men). Qualitative approaches examine a limited number of cases, usually using interviews and ethnographies, to examine a circumscribed space of social action, often limited to a small set of institutions within a single national framework. Studies carried out in this perspective support the construction of hypotheses that can then be tested with a larger number of cases. They are particularly suited to identifying multiple, mutually influencing causalities, thus enabling a dense description of the complex dynamics that lead to the reproduction of educational inequality in the region. At the same time, these approaches have not tackled comparative analysis nor have they addressed the global dynamics affecting education in the region.

International Comparisons and Policy Debates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iceland
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Inequality

This chapter discusses how different countries view race and ethnicity, including different approaches to conceptualizing and measuring racial and ethnic groups. It then examines racial and ethnic inequality in various settings—focusing mainly (though note solely) on peer countries of the U.S. in the OECD as well as in Latin America. It ends with a discussion of policy responses to racial and ethnic diversity, including debates about multiculturalism vs. assimilation and about affirmative action. The goal of this chapter is to broaden our understanding of how different contexts shape patterns of racial and ethnic inequality, and thus to provide a global perspective to U.S. conversations about these issues.

The Inheritance of Educational Inequality: International Comparisons and Fifty-Year Trends

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hertz ◽  
Tamara Jayasundera ◽  
Patrizio Piraino ◽  
Sibel Selcuk ◽  
Nicole Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Average Correlation ◽  
Global Average ◽  
The Past ◽  
Educational Persistence ◽  
Intergenerational Correlations

Abstract This paper estimates 50-year trends in the intergenerational persistence of educational attainment for a sample of 42 nations around the globe. Large regional differences in educational persistence are documented, with Latin America displaying the highest intergenerational correlations, and the Nordic countries the lowest. We also demonstrate that the global average correlation between parent and child's schooling has held steady at about 0.4 for the past fifty years.

scholarly journals The Economic Geography of Human Capital in Twentieth-Century Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Camps ◽  
Stanley Engerman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we present results for educational achievement in the different economic regions of Latin America (Big countries: Mexico and Brazil; Southern Cone; Andean countries; Central America; and others) during the twentieth century. The variables we use to measure education are average years of education, literacy, average years in primary school, average years in secondary school, and average years in university. To attain a broader perspective on the relationship of education with human capital and with welfare and wellbeing we relate the educational measures to life expectancy and other human capital variables and GDP per capita. We then use regressions to examine the impact of race and ethnicity on education, and of education on economic growth and levels of GDP per capita.The most significant results we wish to emphasize are related to the importance of race and racial fractionalization in explaining regional differences in educational achievement. Southern Cone countries, with a higher density of white population, present the highest levels of education in average terms, while countries from Central America and Brazil, with a higher proportion of Indigenous Americans and/or blacks, have the lowest levels. In most countries the major improvements in educational achievement are: the expansion of primary education during the first half of the twentieth century, and the expansion of secondary education after 1950. In all cases, average years in university are low, despite improvements in university quality during the last decades of the century when professors exiled during dictatorships returned to their countries of origin. International comparisons (continental averages for years of education weighted by country population size) place twentieth-century Latin America in an intermediate position between the USA and Europe at the top, and countries from Asia and Africa at the bottom.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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